Section 1
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lysosome
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Last updated
6 years ago
Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (56)
Section 1
(50 cards)
lysosome
membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes, which the cell uses to digest unwanted materials
autophagy
lysosomes break down damaged organelles
food vacuoles
formed by phagocytosis, pinches off from plasma membrane and encloses a food particle
nucleus
chromosome-containing part of a eukaryotic cell
chromosomes
tightly coiled structures that carry the genetic information (can be seen during nuclear division)
flagella
a long tail-like structure that aids in cell movement
cristae
infoldings in the inner membrane of the mitochondria
stroma
fluid outside the thylakoids, contains chloroplast DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes. The light independent stage of photosynthesis occurs in this area
secondary cell wall
a strong and durable matrix in plant cells, often deposited in several laminated layers for cell protection and support
cell wall
extracellular structure specific to plant cells, protects the cell, maintains its shape, and prevents excessive water uptake
cytosol
a jellylike substance where organelles and other components are found
cytoplasmic streaming
the circular flow of cytoplasm within cells
cytoskeleton
a network of fibers bracing the cytoplasm
plasma membrane
The selective barrier that surrounds a cell; it controls what enters and leaves the cell
transport vesicles
vesicles in transit from one part of the cell to another
cilia
a short hair-like structures that enable movement of cells or movement of materials outside a cell, utilizes a back-and-forth motion
thylakoids
flattened and interconnected sacs found in chloroplasts. The light dependent stage of photosynthesis occurs on the membranes of these sacs
phagocytosis
the process by which a cell engulfs a solid particle
rough ER
portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes, produce and transport membrane and secretory proteins
organelles
membrane-enclosed structures within a eukaryotic cell
primary cell wall
a relatively thin and flexible layer in plant cells, first secreted by a young cell
endomembrane system
membranes that divide the cell into organelles such as the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, and the cell membrane.
prokaryotic cell
Cell with no nucleus nor membrane bound organelles
mitochondrial matrix
compartment of the mitochondrion, enclosed by the inner membrane, contains enzymes and substrates for the citric acid cycle
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
accounts for more than half of total membrane in many eukaryotic cells, continuous with the nuclear envelope
microfilaments
the thinnest part of the cytoskeleton, are used to give shape to the cell and support all of its internal parts
nucleolus
located in the nucleus, makes, synthesizes, and partially assembles ribosomes
eukaryotic cell
Cell with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
centrioles
cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division
nuclear lamina
a netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope, lines the nuclear side of the nuclear envelope
nuclear envelope
encloses the nucleus to separate its contents from the cytoplasm
mitochondria
chemically convert chemical (food) energy into usable ATP energy through cellular respiration
central vacuole
the largest organelle in a plant cell. It is surrounded by the tonoplast and functions to hold materials and wastes. It also functions to maintain the proper pressure within plant cells
microtubules
hollow rods of protein, support the cell and moves organelles within the cell
contractile vacuoles
pump excess water out of the cell to maintain a suitable concentration of ions and molecules in the cell
chloroplasts
contain chlorophyll which help absorb solar energy in order to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars during photosynthesis
ribosomes
made of ribosomal RNA and protein, synthesize proteins
middle lamella
a thin layer between primary walls of adjacent cells that glues them together with pectin
intermediate filaments
diverse class of cytoskeletal elements that bear tension like microfilaments
cytoplasm
the region in a cell between the cell membrane and nucleus; it contains the cell structures and oganelles
plastids
manufacture and store important chemical compounds used by the cell such as pigments, oils, and starches
nucleoid region
a non-membrane-enclosed region of the cell where prokaryotic DNA is found
glycoproteins
proteins with covalently-bonded carbohydrates that play a role in cell to cell interaction
Golgi apparatus
stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
chromatin
loosly coiled genetic material that makes up chromosomes, a complex of proteins and DNA
smooth ER
portion of the endoplasmic reticulum free of ribosomes, synthesize lipids, detoxifies the cell, and regulates calcium levels
actin
a globular protein that makes up microfilaments
pseudopodia
cellular extensions that enable a cell to crawl along a surface
granum
stacks of thylakoids
centrosome
a region located near the nucleus where micro-tubules grow from; important in cell division
Section 2
(6 cards)