Section 1
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traditional architecture
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (88)
Section 1
(50 cards)
traditional architecture
buildings use building materials available and reflect social/environmental customs of the people
nonmaterial culture
beliefs, practices, aesthetics, and values of a group of people.
sequent occupance
proposed by Derwent Whittlesay. Cultural imprints made over top of each other, each affect the next, have a lasting imprint
cultural landscape
the visible imprint of human activity on the landscape
monotheistic religion
worship a singly deity, God or Allah EX) Islam grew in Northern Africa from 11 to 234 million in 1900 to 2010
folk-housing regions
Fred Kniffen researched house types and their diffusion in North America and found that 3 regions have these houses: (1)New England, (2) Mid-Atlantic, and (3) Lower Chesapeake Bay. The diffusion streams created the regions. EX) (1) Saltbox, two-chimney, Cape Cod, Front Wing, and Gable. (2) I-house, Tidewater. (3) Shotgun
ethnic neighborhoods
tight knit neighborhoods within a major city where local cultures have built a world apart to practice their customs
creole language
a pidgin language that has developed a more complex structure and a vocabulary and has become a native language of a group of people
standard language
a published, widely distributed, and purposefully taught language that most technologically advanced societies have.
dialect chains
dialects nearest to each other will be most similar. As you go farther apart, dialects become less intelligible.
culture
a group of belief systems, norms, and values practiced by a people
material culture
the things a group of people construct, including homes, clothing, sports, dance, and foods.
toponyms
place names. often refer to social progress in the area. May impact how people view the lace. Dominated by 10 themes: descriptive, commendatory, possession, commemorative, associative, incidents, possession, folk, manufactured, mistakes, shift. EX) "Mount Prospect" and "Mount Misery"
global-local continuum
the idea that cultural borrowing and mixing is happening all over the world. Emphasizes that what happens on one scale is not independent of what happens on another.
global language
a common language of trade and commerce used around the world. EX) like lingua franca
polytheistic religion
worship more than one deity, even 1000s EX) Hinduism, Vodum/Voodoo
linguistic diversity
there are more than 7000 languages spoken today that are created by economic, technological, and ideological globalization. EX) more than 1500 languages are spoken in Sub-Saharan Africa
Distance Decay
How quickly innovations diffuse and refers to how interlinked two places are through transportation and communication
glocalization
people in a local place mediate and alter regional, national, and global processes. Causes global-local continuum
folk songs
traditionally sung by the common people of a region. forms part of their culture
dialect
a variant of a standard language along regional or ethnic liens. Made of differences in: vocab, syntax, pronunciation, cadence, and pace.
reterritorialization
a term referring to a process in which people start to produce an aspect of popular culture themselves, doing so in the context of their local culture and place, making it their own.
isogloss
a geographic boundary in which a particular linguistic feature occurs. Rarely a simple line.
multilingual states
countries in which more than one language is in use EX) US
language
a set of sounds and symbols that is used for communication
contagious diffusion
idea spreads from person to person EX) word of mouth
adaptive strategy
technology, ecology, demography, and economies that define human behavior
stimulus diffusion
when an exact idea can't be adopted in a certain area (due to cultural barriers, etc.) leading to altering of the idea. It is a stimulus for newer ideas.
hierarchical diffusion
can occur through a hierarchy of places. The hearth is the point of origin. Large cities to smaller ones (trickles down)
Indo-European language
a language from the Indo-European family. Spoken by half of the world's people, and includes among others, the Germanic, Romance, and Slavic subfamilies
relocation diffusion
when individuals who have adopted the idea move to new places and disseminate it. The hearth loses strength in the idea and the places the individuals move to gain strength in it.
religion
a system of beliefs and practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities. EX) Baha'i
popular culture
large culture that incorporates heterogeneous populations, is typically urban, and experiences quick changing traits.
neolocalism
seeking out the regional culture and reinvigorating it in the response to uncertainty of the modern world.
built environment
a material, spatial, and cultural product of human labor
pidgin language
when people speaking 2 or more languages are in contact and they combine parts of their languages in a simplified structure and vocabulary EX) the first widely known pidgin language is the Frankish language, a mix of Frank tongue with Italian, Greek, Spanish, and Arabic for trade on eastern Mediterranean with Southern Franks.
language groups
set of languages with a relatively recent common origin and many similar characteristics
placelessness
coined by George Edward Relph to describe the loss of uniqueness in place in the cultural landscape to the point that one place looks like the next
official language
adopted by countries with linguistic fragmentation to tie the people together. Or in colonies, one that ties them to their colonizer.
trade language
a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common.
commodification
the process through which something (a name, good, idea, or person) becomes an object that can be bought and sold in the world market, when it previously wasn't regarded so.
monolingual states
countries in which everyone speaks the same language EX) Japan, Uruguay, Iceland, Denmark, Portugal, Poland, and Lesotho
language subfamily
divisions within a language family, the commonalities are more definite and origins more recent. Consists of individual languages with smaller spatial extents and dialects with even smaller spatial extents
cultural appropriation
the process by which other cultures adopt customs and knowledge and use them for their own benefit
folk/local culture
a culture that incorporates a homogeneous population that is typically rural and cohesive in cultural traits.
folk food
traditional food
time-space compression
explains how quickly innovations diffuse and refers to how interlinked two places are through transportation and communication
language family
way of classifying languages at the global scale. The languages have shared by fairly distant origins. Broken into sub-families.
folklore
the traditional beliefs, customs, and stories of a community, passed through generations by word of mouth
lingua franca
a language used among speakers of different languages for the purposes of trade and commerce. Can be one language or a mixture.
Section 2
(38 cards)