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What characters were used in old English?

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Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (23)

Section 1

(23 cards)

What characters were used in old English?

Front

First written in tunic characters but when the Anglo saxons converted to Christianity their scribes began writing in a Latin alphabet combined runes with Latin letters

Back

What are the three periods of the English language?

Front

Old English, Middle English, Modern English(can be divided to modern English and late modern English)

Back

Statute of Pleading

Front

1362, made English the official language of legal proceedings in England, yet in law French based words were predominant and included attorney, petition, inquest, felon, evidence and arrest.

Back

English vocabulary

Front

Large changes didn't begin until about 1250, as Middle English became established among the merchant classes it began to replace Anglo Norman forms and also incorporated increasing numbers in French words (10,000 French words)

Back

Where did the English language change?

Front

With the Norman conquest of 1066, William the Conquerors victory at Hastings brought a French influence to all facets of English life, they spoke a dialect of old French called Anglo Norman

Back

How did printer books influence modern English?

Front

1476, William Caxton introduces the process of printing from moveable tyoe. Huge increase in produced books in English making them cheaper, for ordinary people, and promoted standard versions of language. (king James Bible, Shakespeares First Folio of Plays) made London dialect dominant

Back

What changed during Middle English?

Front

Language simplified by noun usage, remained nuch the same only with personal pronouns, models became common as a way of referring to the future like shall and will. There was also unregulated spelling

Back

What are the four major dialects of Old English?

Front

Northumbrian in the North, Mercian in the Midlands, West Saxon in the south and west; Kentish in the southeast

Back

New words in modern English

Front

Playwrights and pamphleteers creates new words that caught on, approximately between 1,500 and 1,600 words in their time)

Back

Where does the English language come from?

Front

Germanic branch of yhe indo-european family of languages which includes Danish, Dutch, German, etc. originally confined to britain but now all over the world

Back

Where does English have roots?

Front

Old Norse, which shows close contact between the danish invaders and the indigenous people, also had a profound influence on northern English and Scottish

Back

English Naval Dominance

Front

And the rise of global fade brought and influx of foreign woes into English such at pundit (Hindi), sauna (Finnish), tycoon (Japanese)

Back

Examples of Great Vowel Shift

Front

Lyf (leef) to Life shakespeare pronounces clean room rhyme with lane but now it rhymes with bean

Back

Great Vowel Shift

Front

Began with late Middle English continued into renaissance. Brought changes in phonology (sound) that resulted in vowel phonemes. Changed the way long vowels were pronounced (tongue higher in the mouth)

Back

What became the literary standard in old English?

Front

The West Saxon dialect, made it the basis for modern studies of old English

Back

Old English or Anglo-Saxon

Front

Developed from the Germanic dialects spoken by tribes migrating from Northern Europe about 500

Back

Early Modern English

Front

Dates from 1500 to 1800 (renaissance to Wordsworth) factors contributing include: the renaissance (emphasis on Greek and Latin literature). English because established as a vehicle for popular literature

Back

Example of similarities between languages

Front

English=daughter German=Tochter Armenian=dushtr Sanskrit=duhitár

Back

Why did Indo-European split into English German Dutch etc?

Front

Probably from migration and normal linguistic changes

Back

American English

Front

Diverted from British English in pronunciation, spelling and vocabulary, borrowed words from native americans, spanish, Russian, Hebrew, Chinese. Computer science and other technology continue to add words to English

Back

When did the English language change more radically than any other period?

Front

During the 300 years of the Norman conquest, readers today can make it through Chaucer's language of 600 years ago with some succes while Chaucer himself would have understood almost nothing of the old English in use 300 years before he wrote it

Back

Late Modern English

Front

1800 to present, seen further expansion of English vocabulary, due to industrial revolution and the ride of new technologies intruding more science words into enlgish.

Back

What are the origins of English?

Front

Mostly hypothetical, been pieces together from later documents in English and earlier ones in related indo-European languages, English comes from the now lost language of indo-European

Back