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Anatomy

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Section 1

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Polarization

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Anatomy Science

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Last updated

6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (33)

Section 1

(33 cards)

Polarization

Front

Sodium is on the outside, and potassium is on the inside. Cell membranes surround neurons just as any other cell in the body has a membrane. When a neuron is not stimulated — it's just sitting with no impulse to carry or transmit — its membrane is polarized.

Back

Astrocytes (CNS)

Front

for blood brain barrier; control external environment of neurons. most abundant in the neruogial cells. aid in metabolism. found inbetween neurons&blood vessels to provide support. nutritive function

Back

motor neurons (efferent neurons)

Front

neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

Back

Nodes of Ranvier

Front

a gap in the myelin sheath of a nerve, between adjacent Schwann cells.

Back

parasympathetic nervous system

Front

the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy (rest and digest) releases Acetycholine (acH)

Back

refractory period

Front

the time following an action potential during which a new action potential cannot be initiated; will not respond government any new stimuli

Back

Repolarization

Front

Return of the cell to resting state, caused by reentry of potassium into the cell while sodium exits the cell. restores the electrical balance (-70mV)

Back

axon hillock

Front

The conical region of a neuron's axon where it joins the cell body; typically the region where nerve signals is generated.

Back

Depolarization

Front

The process during the action potential when sodium is rushing into the cell causing the interior to become more positive.

Back

Hyperpolarization

Front

The movement of the membrane potential of a cell away from rest potential in a more negative direction.

Back

autonomic nervous system (motor 2)

Front

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.

Back

Microglial cells (CNS)

Front

Small, ovoid cells with thorny processes that touch and monitor neurons, Migrate toward injured neurons, Can transform to phagocytize, microorganisms and neuronal debris. increase in number when spinal cord and brain is inflammed

Back

nissil body

Front

membranous sacs within cytoplasm of nerve cells that have ribosomes attached to their surfaces

Back

sympathetic nervous system

Front

the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations (fight or flight) releases norepinephrine

Back

Neurilemma

Front

additional external myelin sheath that is formed by Schwann cells and found only on axons in the peripheral nervous system (not covered)

Back

sensory neurons (afferent neurons)

Front

neurons that receive information from the external world and convey this information to the brain via the spinal cord

Back

terminal branches

Front

Branched endings of an axon that transmit messages to other neurons

Back

myelin sheath

Front

A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next.

Back

Axon

Front

the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands

Back

somatic nervous system (motor)

Front

the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles

Back

all-or-none response

Front

a neuron's reaction of either firing (with a full-strength response) or not firing. if a stimulus is over +15mV, the intensity doesn't get any larger than a stimulus at +15mV

Back

Oligodendrocytes (CNS)

Front

One cell can create several segments of myelin sheath and cover more than one axon

Back

Schwann cells (PNS)

Front

Form myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system

Back

axon terminal

Front

The endpoint of a neuron where neurotransmitters are stored

Back

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Front

consists of the brain and spinal cord (interneurons)

Back

Satellite cells (PNS)

Front

Surround neuron cell bodies in PNS Function similar to astrocytes of CNS

Back

Ependymal cells (CNS)

Front

produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid, line the cavities of the brain (ventricles) and spinal cord (central canal)

Back

neurogial cells

Front

make up most of brain cells, support and protect neurons, bind neurons together and form framework for nervous system; removes ions & neurotransmitters from between neruons to continue to transfer info

Back

phagocytic cells

Front

Back

Dendrites

Front

Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.

Back

resting potential

Front

The difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a neuron's cell membrane (-70mV); will remain resting until a stimulus of +15mV will react. (-55mV)

Back

action potential

Front

a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon: sodium (NA+) ions move into the cell. the inside of the cell becomes positive. the second the mV becomes +30, the sodium gates close and postassium open. depolarization occurs

Back

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Front

the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body.

Back