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AP Biology: Meiosis

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Section 1

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Monosomy disorder

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Biology Science

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Date created

Mar 14, 2020

Cards (46)

Section 1

(46 cards)

Monosomy disorder

Front

Cells have only one copy of a chromosome

Back

Nondisjunction in meiosis 2

Front

Half cells abnormal, sister chromatids fail to separate in meiosis 2

Back

Somatic Cell

Front

Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg

Back

Meiosis

Front

A modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one round of DNA replication. It results in cells w/ half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell

Back

Anaphase II

Front

Breakdown of proteins holding sister chromatids together, chromatids separate moving to opposite poles of cells,

Back

Random Fertilization

Front

Any possible egg can be fertilized by any possible sperm

Back

Anaphase I

Front

Proteins holding chromatids together break down, chromosomes move to opposite poles of cell,

Back

Telophase I and Cytokinesis

Front

Cell has haploid set of chromosomes, cytokinesis creates cleavage furrow creating 2 cells, no replication between m I and m II

Back

Nondisjunction in meiosis I

Front

Homologous chromosomes do not separate properly (all cells abnormal)

Back

Independent Assortment

Front

The process of random segregation and assortment of chromosomes during anaphase I of meiosis resulting in the production of genetically unique gametes

Back

Homologous Chromosomes

Front

A pair of chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possesses genes for the same characters at corresponding loci

Back

Nondisjunction

Front

problems with meitotic spindle fibers cause Incorrect # of chromosomes because chromosomes don't separate properly

Back

Genetics

Front

The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation

Back

Autosome

Front

A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex; not a sex chromosome

Back

Oogenesis

Front

Eggs in ovaries halted before anaphase I meiosis I completed during maturation meiosis 2 completed after fertilization

Back

What are the 3 steps of crossing over?

Front

Breakage of DNA Crossing over Refusal of DNA

Back

What happens to to most chromosomal mutations?

Front

The baby will be aborted with high frequency, too disastrous, developmental problems result from biochemical imbalance, certain conditions tolerated

Back

Trisomy disorder

Front

2n+1, cells have 3 copies of one chromosome

Back

Zygote

Front

The diploid product of the union of haploid gametes during fertilization; a fertilized egg

Back

Meiosis II

Front

The second division of a two-stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells w/ half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell

Back

Metaphase I

Front

Chromosomes line up on plate crossed over with independent assortment, chromosomes attached to micro tubule,

Back

Down syndrome

Front

3 copies of chromosome 21, the smallest chromosome, not least amount of genes, frequency correlates with age of mother

Back

Life Cycle

Front

The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism

Back

Sex Chromosomes

Front

A chromosome responsible for determining the sex of an individual

Back

Clone

Front

A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells

Back

Synapsis

Front

The pairing and physical connection of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis

Back

Metaphase II

Front

Chromosomes position on metaphase plate, chromatids not genetically identical cuz of m I crossing over, kinetochores attach to spindle fibers

Back

Syndrome

Front

A survivable chromosomal mutation

Back

Asexual Reproduction

Front

The generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs w/o fusion of gametes. In most cases, the offspring are genetically identical to the parent

Back

Locus

Front

A specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located

Back

Telephase II and cytokinesis

Front

Nuclei form with haploid number of chromosomes, each 4 new cells genetically distinct

Back

Diploid Cell

Front

A cell containing two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent

Back

Recombinant Chromosomes

Front

A chromosome created when crossing over combines the DNA from two parents into a single chromosome

Back

Heredity

Front

The transmission of traits from one generation to the next

Back

Variation

Front

Differences between members of the same species

Back

Tetrad

Front

A set of 4 chromatids

Back

Sexual Reproduction

Front

A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the parents

Back

Crossing Over

Front

The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis

Back

Fertilization

Front

The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote

Back

Meiosis I

Front

The first division of a two-stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with 1/2 the number of chromosome sets as the original cell

Back

Haploid Cell

Front

A cell containing only one set of chromosomes

Back

Karyotype

Front

A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape

Back

Prophase I

Front

Chromosomes condense, crossing over, Synapsis, centrosome, movement, chiasmata, micro tubules attach to centromeres

Back

How are karyotypes prepared?

Front

By pairing up chromosomes based on size centromere location and staining patterns on a computer

Back

Gametes

Front

A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote

Back

Prophase II

Front

Spindle apparatus forms, chromatids still held at centromere

Back