Section 1
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (150)
Section 1
(50 cards)
density
relationship between mass and volume; formula is D=M/V; is a constant
last two groups on right
group 17 halogen gases and group 18 noble gases
weight
pull of gravity on an object; NOT mass; changes based on location
atoms
basic building block of matter; made of protons, neutrons, and electrons
chemical change
when a substance is changed into a new substance with different properties; chemical reaction involving chemical BONDS
elements on right of table
gases, two liquids, and few solids (nonmetals)
electrons
negative subatomic particles found outside of the nucleus in the electron cloud
valence electrons
electrons in outermost shell; tells how atoms will combine and form compounds
heterogeneous mixture
looks different all the way through; pepper or dirt
reactivity
how easily an element will form bonds with other elements; chemical property
volume
how much space an object takes up; SIZE; V=LW
elements on left of table
solids and metals
alkaline metals
group two; magnesium and calcium; very reactive
coefficient
number to left of chemical formula that tells how many molecules there are; CAN be changed
liquid
definite volume (size) but no definite shape; free to move and flow, more energy than solids
chemical symbol
letter or letters used for elements; example O is Oxygen or Na is Sodium
combustion
burning of a substance; requires oxygen; chemical property
water temperature changes
boiling is 212F or 100C freezing is 32F or 0C
elements
pure substance that cannot be broken down; 117: 90 natural and 17 synthetic
metalloids
in nonmetals between gases and solids; SEMICONDUCTORS; germanium and silicon stairsteps
atomic mass
protons plus neutrons; number below the chemical symbol
transition metals
groups 3-12; in the middle
alkali metals
group one; form salts with group 17 halogens sodium and potassium burn in water
groups
18 columns of periodic table; elements have similar chemical properties and same number of valence electrons
atomic number
proton count; how the Periodic Table is arranged; number above the chemical symbol
condensation
when gas turns to liquid; cold glass on a hot day; physical change
pure substances
elements and compounds (molecules)
chemical properties
characteristic that describes how a substance will interact with others in a chemical reaction; will change the substance
physical property
characteristic that can be observed or changed without making a new substance
physical changes
alters physical properties without changing the substance; can be reversed
freezing point
temperature where a liquid turns solid; physical change
boiling point
temperature where liquid turns to gas; creates bubbles but NOT chemical change; physical change
neutrons
neutral subatomic particle; found in nucleus
periodic table of elements
chart that organizes elements in periods(rows) and groups(columns) by atomic number
homogeneous mixture
looks the same all the way through; milk or salt water or alloy metals
freezing
when a liquid turns to a solid; physical change
periods
seven rows of the periodic table; each period has same number of electron shells; 7=7 or 1=1; elements NOT similar
subscript
small number to right of a chemical symbol that tells the number of atoms; CAN'T be changed
plasma
highly energized gas; rare on Earth but most abundant form in Universe; found in lightning and stars
melting point
temperature when solid becomes a liquid; physical change
protons
positive subatomic particle; found in nucleus; atomic number
compound
two or more elements BONDED together chemically; example H2O or NaCl
nucleus
center of an atom; protons and neutrons
solid
definite shape and volume (size); locked together and vibrates
mixture
two or more substances combine without chemically bonding; example air or dirt
molecules
smallest part of a compound (H2O); can be two or more of the same element BONDED together too (O2)
chemical formula
used to represent compounds or molecules; letters and numbers; example Fe3O2
states of matter
solids, liquids, gases, plasma
gas
no definite shape or volume; particles far apart and lots of energy
vaporization
when liquid turns to gas; physical change
Section 2
(50 cards)
unit of acceleration
m/s^2 or meters per second squared
wave
any disturbance that transfers energy thru matter or space
wedge
inclined plane that is wider or thicker at one end; like a knife or axe
screw
inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder
heat
thermal energy transferred between to objects; always goes from high to low
unbalanced force
net force greater than zero; MOVEMENT
nuclear energy
energy from the NUCLEUS of an atom; fission or fusion
kinetic energy
energy from a moving object; depends on mass and velocity; KE= 1/2mass X velocity2
longitudinal wave
wave that travels back and forth
medium
material that waves can travel through
halogens
group 17, makes salts with group one alkali, reactive, called gases but bromine is liquid and iodine and astatine are solid
work
the movement of an object through a distance; no movement = no work
wheel and axle
two circular objects of different sizes, wheel is larger on the axle
law of conservation of energy
energy can change from one form to another but CANNOT be created or destroyed; potential becomes kinetic or chemical becomes electromagnetic
law of conservation of matter or mass
matter cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction but can change form; reactants MUST equal products
net force
total combination of all forces
conduction
energy transferred through touch or direct contact; pan on stove, liquid warming ice
inclined plane
straight, slanted surface like a ramp
radiation
transfer of energy without matter with electromagnetic waves; vacuum or empty space; Sun warming Earth
mechanical wave
wave that needs a medium to travel; like sound or water wave; CAN'T TRAVEL IN SPACE
sound
energy given off from a vibrating object; has to travel thru matter in waves;
electrical energy
energy from moving charges; gaining and losing ELECTRONS (electricity)
inertia
tendency to resist ANY change in motion; an object in motion keeps moving unless affected by an outside force (friction or gravity) or an object at rest stays at rest
trough
bottom of transverse wave
balanced force
when the net force equals ZERO; no movement
chemical energy
energy stored between chemical BONDS in compounds and molecules; batteries, food, fossil fuels
noble gases
group 18; non reactive or INERT under normal conditions
products
substances after a reaction; on the right Na + Cl ---> NaCl
lever
a bar that pivots on a fulcrum; 3 classes; shovel, wheelbarrow, hammer
gravity
force of attraction between all objects; affected by mass and distance; more mass=more gravity; closer distance=strong gravity
transverse wave
wave that transfers energy perpendicular to its medium; think right angles
force
push or pull
compression
particles are close together in a longitudinal wave
pulley
rope or chain wrapped around a wheel; blinds
nuclear fission
splitting the atom; bombs and nuclear power plants
speed
how fast an object moves; time and distance needed; Speed=distance/time S=D/T
velocity
speed of an object in a particular direction; changes if speed or direction changes
acceleration
is the rate an object's velocity changes; final velocity-start velocity/time
thermal energy
total amount of energy in all particles of an object; solids have less thermal than liquids and gases have more than both
convection
energy transfer in liquids and gases through currents; wind currents, boiling water, cooking in oven
simple machine
device that makes work easier by changing size or direction of a force
temperature
measure of average kinetic energy in an object; thermal is TOTAL kinetic energy
nuclear fusion
putting atoms together; happens in stars; hydrogen becomes helium
friction
force that opposes motion between two or more objects; steals energy; how breaks work
reactants
substances before a reaction; on left of chemical reaction H2 + O --> H2O
motion
change of position
crest
top of transverse wave
mechanical energy
energy of a moving object; machines or parts of engine, hydroelectric power or wind; also potential plus kinetic energy
energy
the ability to do work or cause change
potential energy
stored energy due to position or composition; rock on hill or a battery or food (chemical) PE=mass X height
Section 3
(50 cards)