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AP Biology Chapter 6

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Section 1

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chromosomes

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1 / 41

Biology Science

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Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (41)

Section 1

(41 cards)

chromosomes

Front

tightly coiled structures that carry the genetic information (can be seen during nuclear division)

Back

tight junctions

Front

intercellular junction in animal tissues where plasma membranes of neighboring cells are very tightly pressed against each other, bound by specific proteins

Back

transport vesicles

Front

vesicles in transit from one part of the cell to another

Back

chloroplasts

Front

contain chlorophyll which help absorb solar energy in order to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars during photosynthesis

Back

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Front

accounts for more than half of total membrane in many eukaryotic cells, continuous with the nuclear envelope

Back

organelles

Front

membrane-enclosed structures within a eukaryotic cell

Back

cell wall

Front

extracellular structure specific to plant cells, protects the cell, maintains its shape, and prevents excessive water uptake

Back

Golgi apparatus

Front

stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum

Back

plastids

Front

manufacture and store important chemical compounds used by the cell such as pigments, oils, and starches

Back

ribosomes

Front

made of ribosomal RNA and protein, synthesize proteins

Back

chromatin

Front

loosly coiled genetic material that makes up chromosomes, a complex of proteins and DNA

Back

cilia

Front

a short hair-like structures that enable movement of cells or movement of materials outside a cell, utilizes a back-and-forth motion

Back

collagen

Front

most common glycoprotein in the ECM, forms strong fibers outside the cells

Back

centrioles

Front

cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division

Back

central vacuole

Front

the largest organelle in a plant cell. It is surrounded by the tonoplast and functions to hold materials and wastes. It also functions to maintain the proper pressure within plant cells

Back

cytoplasmic streaming

Front

the circular flow of cytoplasm within cells

Back

gap junctions

Front

intercellular junction in animal tissues that provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to an adjacent cell, similar to plasmodesmata in plants

Back

extracellular matrix

Front

where animal tissue cells are embedded, consists of protein and polysaccharides

Back

intermediate filaments

Front

diverse class of cytoskeletal elements that bear tension like microfilaments

Back

cytosol

Front

a jellylike substance where organelles and other components are found

Back

microtubules

Front

hollow rods of protein, support the cell and moves organelles within the cell

Back

nucleoid region

Front

a non-membrane-enclosed region of the cell where prokaryotic DNA is found

Back

prokaryotic cell

Front

Cell with no nucleus nor membrane bound organelles

Back

endomembrane system

Front

membranes that divide the cell into organelles such as the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, and the cell membrane.

Back

nucleus

Front

chromosome-containing part of a eukaryotic cell

Back

plasma membrane

Front

The selective barrier that surrounds a cell; it controls what enters and leaves the cell

Back

rough ER

Front

portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes, produce and transport membrane and secretory proteins

Back

nuclear envelope

Front

encloses the nucleus to separate its contents from the cytoplasm

Back

microfilaments

Front

the thinnest part of the cytoskeleton, are used to give shape to the cell and support all of its internal parts

Back

cytoskeleton

Front

a network of fibers bracing the cytoplasm

Back

pseudopodia

Front

cellular extensions that enable a cell to crawl along a surface

Back

cytoplasm

Front

the region in a cell between the cell membrane and nucleus; it contains the cell structures and oganelles

Back

centrosome

Front

a region located near the nucleus where micro-tubules grow from; important in cell division

Back

mitochondria

Front

chemically convert chemical (food) energy into usable ATP energy through cellular respiration

Back

eukaryotic cell

Front

Cell with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Back

phagocytosis

Front

the process by which a cell engulfs a solid particle

Back

lysosome

Front

membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes, which the cell uses to digest unwanted materials

Back

smooth ER

Front

portion of the endoplasmic reticulum free of ribosomes, synthesize lipids, detoxifies the cell, and regulates calcium levels

Back

flagella

Front

a long tail-like structure that aids in cell movement

Back

nucleolus

Front

located in the nucleus, makes, synthesizes, and partially assembles ribosomes

Back

contractile vacuoles

Front

pump excess water out of the cell to maintain a suitable concentration of ions and molecules in the cell

Back