Section 1
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when crusing above 18,000ft in the US what should the pilot set in the window of the altimeter?
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (160)
Section 1
(50 cards)
when crusing above 18,000ft in the US what should the pilot set in the window of the altimeter?
29.92
How will the altimeter be affected if the static line becomes blocked?
would indicate a constant altitude
if the current altitude setting is set in the pressure window what will it indicate when the airplane is on the runway?
field elevation
what is the magnetic sensor for a remote indicating compass known as?
magnetic flux detector
what does a right deflection in the slaving meter indicated? What correction is required?
the remote indicating compass card needs to be rotated to the left
How does air density change w/altitude?
decreases with altitude
if for some reason (say to compute a precise TAS) you want to determine the pressure altitude when you are crusing below 18,000 ft. What do you set in the pressure window?
you should set 29.92 in the pressure window
how can you determine the approximate pressure altitude at an airport without a tower or FSS?
set kolsman window to 29.92
what is the correct procedure to check the altimeter prior to IFR flight?
with the local altimeter setting in the pressure window the altimeter should indicate airport elevation within +- 75 ft
what mode should the remote indicating compass normally operate in
slaved mode
if an airplane turns to the right will ts heading increase or decrease?
Increase
what power indicators will an airplane fitted w/constant speed propellers have?
tachometer and manifold pressure gauge
what sort of altitude will the altimeter read if 29.92 is set in the pressure window?
pressure altitude
what does the heading indicator need to be aligned with to read correctly
magnetic compass
what instrument would you check if the indications of a vacuum driven AI seem erratic and not consistent with the indications of other flight instruments?
the suction guage
What speed does the red radial line one an ASI indicate
never exceed speed
how can you determine the approximate local altimeter setting at an airport without a tower or FSS?
set field elevation and read pressure altitude
how will the ASI be affected if the pitot tube becomes blocked?
ASI behaves like an altimeter, it reads high as the airplane climbs and low as the airplane decends
What is the indicated airspeed corrected for position error called
Calibrated airspeed
on descent from FL290 prior to landing at an airport evel 650ft ATC advises that the local altimeter is 30.37. What is the FL290 cruise altimeter setting? what altimeter should be used for the landing? what should the altimeter read on landing? if the the pressure window of the altimeter is not reset from the FL290 cruise setting what will the altimeter read on landing?
29.92, 30.37, 650 ft, 200ft
when an airplane accelerates or decelerate quickly some attitude indicators will precess. What will be incorrectly indicated?
during accelerations especially takeoff there is a false climb indication and during deceleration a false descent indication
Acceleration and deceleration forces induce what sort of small errors in the AI
pitch errors
what specific atmospheric condition is required for the pressure altitude to = true altitude
standard atmospheric conditions
What is the purpose of the amber arc on the ASI?
denotes the caution range from normal to never exceed speed only operate here in smooth air.
does the AI provide a direct or indirect picture of pitch attitude and bank angle?
Direct
which is more dense warm or cold air?
cold air
What is the effect of TAS if an airplane flies into a parcel of warmer air?
increases
Name the gyroscopic flight instruments
AI, HI, Turn coordinator
the current altimeter setting is 30.42. If an airplane is cruising at an altitude of 6,500ft MSL what will be the approximate pressure altitude
6000ft
if the current altimeter setting is set in the pressure window what will the altimeter indicate?
the altitude of the aircraft above MSL
for every 1000 ft of altitude gained atmospheric pressure decreases by approximately how much?
1 in mercury for every 1000ft
the greatest errors in an AI occur following a turn of how many degrees?
following a turn of 180 degrees
if 30.10 is set in the pressure window what will the altimeter indicate?
the altitude of the airplane above the 30.10 pressure level
if field elevation the true altitude or the pressure altitude of the airport above sea level?
true altitude
true or false...the local altimeter setting should be used by all pilots below 18,000ft MSL
true
what is the standard MSL pressure
29.92/1013 hPa hectopascals
describe the procedure when departing an airport where the altimeter is 29.40 and you are climbing to maintain FL210
set local altimeter prior to takeoff. When passing through 18,000ft change to 29.92
What test should be made on electrical gyro instruments prior to starting the engine?
listen for any unusual mechanical noises as the elec gyros spin up
what is a horizontal situation indicator and what additional components does it include beyond a heading indication
its a remote indicating compass with superimposed VOR/ILS navigation indications
In what specific atmospheric condition will the indicated airspeed on the ASI be numerically = to the airspeed.?
under standard MSL conditions
how would a failure of the power supply to an electrically driven AI be indicated
red warning flag
what pre-takeoff check should be made of a vacuum driven heading indicator in preparation for IFR flight?
after startup check that the gyroscope will egt up to speed. then align the HI with the magnetic compass
the heading on a remote indicating compass is 5 degrees to the left of what is desired. What should you do to move the desired heading under the heading reference?
turn the heading knob 5 degrees to the right
if the position of the miniature airplane requires adjustment during flight when is this best done
during straight and level flight
how does a pilot normally obtain the current altimeter setting during an IFR flight in controlled airspace below 18,000ft?
ATC periodically advises the pilot of the current altimeter setting
what is the ratio of the true airspeed to the speed of sound called?
mach number
name the pitot-static flight instruments
AI, Altimeter, VSI
why are the FMA's so important
they indicate what mode the flight director and/or the autopilot is in and therefore what guidance is being provided to both units.
what does the pre-takeoff check of the AI include
the gyroscope of the AI must stabilize within 5 minutes of initial power up
How will the ASI be affected if the static line becomes blocked?
ASI decreases as the airplane climbs and increases as the airplane decends and no change in level flight
Section 2
(50 cards)
under what conditions will the altimeter indicate a lower altitude than actually flown (true altitude)
when air temp is higher than standard
as a rule of thumb altitude corrections of less than 100ft can be accomplished by using a pitch correction of one full bar width on the AI? (true or false)
false lower a 1/2 bar width on the AI
what checks of the turn indicator should be undertaken during taxing prior to flight
turn the airplane and note the turn needle deflects in the direction of the turn and the ball deflects in the direction opposite the turn
what is the primary instrument used to confirm correct bank in straight and level flight. which instruments support this?
HI, turn coordinator
what is the primary instrument used to confirm correct bank in straight and level flight
HI
how is the ball kept centered
rudder pressure
in terms of speed what is the horizontal performance instrument
ASI
as power is reduced to change airspeed from high to low cruise in level flight which instrument is primary for turn performance
HI
if you change the setting in the pressure window from 30.11 to 29.96 how many ft will the indicated altitide decrease by?
150ft
what instrument is primary for power when transitioning from level flight into a climb
power indicator
if the ball is out to the right what sort of rudder pressure is required?
right rudder pressure
what sort of indication of bank angle does the AI give
a direct and instantaneous picture of the airplanes bank angle
during which maneuver does the pilot make the best use of the VSI
when trying to achieve straight and level flight
under what conditions will true altitude be lower than indicated altitude if the altimeter setting is 29.92
colder than standard temp
if airspeed in the climb is too low what should you do?
lower the nose slightly
a turn coordinator with a 2 min marking indicates a standard-rate turns of how many degrees per second? Using this indication how long should a full 360 degree turn take/
3 degrees per second, 2 minute turn
as power is reduced to change airspeed from high to low cruise in level flight which instrument is primary for power? Once the desired speed has been reached and the estimated power set what is the primary performance instrument used to correct power?
power indication, confirm power is the AI
what position should the wings of the turn coordinator be in prior to start up?
horizontal
desired altitude should be maintained within what accuracy?
+- 100Ft
what three conditions that determine the precise pitch attitude required to maintain level flight?
airspeed, density and weight
how often must the altimeter and static system be checked by the FAA in order to be suitable for IFR flight?
every 24 calendar months
what sort of indication of pitch attitude does the AI give?
a direct and instantaneous picture of the airplanes pitch
name the vertical performance instruments
altimeter, VSI, ASI
if airspeed in the climb is too high what should you do?
raise the nose slightly
desired airspeed should be maintained within what accuracy?
+- 10 knots
in level flight if becomes necessary to use an alternate source of static pressure that is vented inside the airplane. How will this alternate static pressure compare to the normal static pressure outside the airplane
this static pressure will be lower than the normal static pressure measured outside the airplane.
name the pitch instruments
ASI, AI, VSI
desired heading should be maintained within what accuracy?
=- 10 degrees
if the outside air temp increases during a flight at constant power and a constant indicated airspeed how will that affect the altitude?
true altitude will increase
what sort of indication if the bank angle does the model airplane of the turn indicator give?
an indirect indication of bank angle in that it indicates the direction of turn but not the bank angle.
the primary information for heading and bank in straight and level flight is the HI. Under what conditions is this information valid?
HI information is only valid if it is aligned with the compass
a static pressure system and an altimeter test is conducted on 9/3/03 and they are found to comply with FAA standards. When is this valid until?
09/30/2005
how is a constant airspeed maintained as the landing gear is lowered?
by increasing power
what is the primary instrument used to confirm correct pitch attitude in straight and level flight. which instruments support this?
altimeter, VSI and ASI
changes in pitch attitude are made with reference to which instrument? which instrument will reflect those changes?
AI ; VSI and ASI
under what conditions are pressure altitude and density altitude the same?
at standard temp
what is the primary instrument used to confirm correct pitch attitude in straight and level flight
altimeter
will the VSI be affected if the static line becomes blocked
yes VSI will indicate zero
in terms of bank what are the horizontal performance instruments
HI, Turn coordinator, inclinometer
how does the VSI function
by using a metered leak of static pressure
under what conditions will true altitude be higher than indicated altitude
warmer than standard temp
what is the primary performance guide that the pitch attitude selected on the AI is correct during a climb or descent
ASI
name the bank instruments
AI, HI, turn coor
if you experience a small deviation from altitude in straight and level flight what actions should you take?
you should make a pitch correction on the AI and then confirm the effect on this pitch change on the altimeter and the VSI
what checks of the turn indicator should be undertaken prior to engine start
prior to starting you should determine if the turn needle is centered and the inclinometer is full of fluid.
name the instrument that displays the quality of flight or the coordination
coordination ball
during a coordinated turn what effect will an increase in bank angle have on the displacement of the turn coordinator
the displacement of the turn coordinator will increase
what is the primary performance instrument used to confirm correct power in straight and level flight?
ASI
what does an encoding altimeter send electronic altitude information to
transponder
name the control instruments
AI, power indicator
Section 3
(50 cards)
if altitude is to be maintained in a turn how does the magnitude of the vertical component of the lift force compare to the vertical component of straight and level flight?
the magnitude of the vertical component of the lift force compared to the vertical component of straight and level flight must be the same
what is the correct sequence for recovery from a spiraling, nose low, increasing airspeed, unusual flight attitude?
reduce power, level the wings, ease out of the dive
what is the primary bank instrument in unaccelerated level flight on a specific heading?
HI
name the pressure instruments?
ASI, Altimeter, VSI
if altitude is to be maintained in a turn does the magnitude of the lift force need to be increase? if so how is this done?
yes. This is done by creating backwards pressure by pulling back on the control column
how can altitude be maintained if airspeed is increased in a turn?
altitude may be maintained by increasing either the angle of bank and/or decreasing the angle of attack
which instruments in addition to the AI are bank instruments?
HI, turn coord, compass
if the AI malfunctions how can the pitch attitude be determined?
by using the ASI, altimeter and the VSI
what are the supporting turn instruments in a straight climb or descent
turn coordinator and compass
primary surveillance radar can detect aircraft even if they carry no airborne equipment, what equipment is on an aircraft that transmits signals in response to the secondary radar on the ground?
transponder
what is the initial primary instrument for bank when establishing a turn?
the AI
how is the quality of any turn indicated?
by the position of the slip skid indicator
what instruments indicate bank directly or indirectly?
AI, turn coord, HI
which instruments in addition to the AI are pitch instruments?
altimeter, ASI, VSI
how can radius of turn be decreased?
by increasing the bank angle- it can also be decreased by decreasing airspeed while maintaining bank angle
if airspeed in the descent is too high what should you do?
raise the nose
what is the correct recovery from a nose-high, banked turn, reducing airspeed, unusual flight attitude?
lower the pitch attitude, level the wings, increase power
In the POH how is the best rate of climb written?
Vy
describe how an airplane is normally turned
achieved by banking the airplane and tilting the lift force
with an electronic flight display what indication is used to smoothly level off from a climb or descent?
altitude predictor
what instrument should you refer to when making significant pitch attitude changes?
AI
what is the standard rate of turn in instrument flying? (degrees per second)
3 degrees per second
in a straight climb or descent what is the primary performance guide to show that the bank attitude selected in the AI is correct?
HI
What instruments indicate a nose high or nose low attitude?
AI, altimeter, VSI, ASI
IS ATC radar approved for approach control service able to be used for coarse guidance to the final approach coarse?
yes
which instrument should be used for changes in bank attitude
AI
the requirement for a bank attitude change to achieve straight flight is indicated on which instrument?
HI
the HI is inoperative, what is the primary bank instrument in unaccelerated level flight for holding a specific heading
compass
the process of separating aircraft and positioning them by ATC passing them from headings to steer is called?
radar vectoring
if the AI malfunctions how can direction of bank be determined?
by using the turn coordinator and HI
while recovering from an unusual flight attitude without the aid of the AI, how is reaching the approximate level attitude indicated?
by the AI and altimeter stopping thier movement
what does the rate of turn at any given airspeed depend on
the magnitude of the horizontal component of the lift force and therefore the bank angle
how can rate of turn by increased?
by increasing the bank angle for a given airspeed - it can also be increased by decreasing airspeed while maintaining bank angle
if an airplane is in an unusual flight attitude and the AI has exceeded its limits which two instruments should be relied on to determine the pitch attitude before starting recovery
ASI and altimeter
what is the primary instrument for bank once a standard rate turn is established?
the turn coordinator
if you are descending at 500 fpm to a new cruising level of 6000 ft when should you start raising the pitch attitude?
6050ft
which instruments use static pressure?
ASI, altimeter, VSI
name the gyroscopic instruments
AI, HI, turn coordinator
name the gyroscopic instruments typically powered from the vacuum system?
AI, HI
in a constant bank level turn, what effect would a decrease in airspeed have on rate and radius of turn? What effect would an increase in airspeed have on rate and radius of turn?
a decrease in airspeed would increase the rate of the turn and decrease the radius of the turn. An increase in airspeed would decrease the rate of turn and increase the radius of the turn.
which force causes an airplane to turn?
the horizontal component of the tilted lift force (centripetal force)
As power is increased to enter a 500 fpm rate of climb in straight flight what are the primary instruments for pitch bank and power respectively?
AI = pitch and bank, HI for turn, power indicator
if airspeed in the descent is too low what should you do?
lower the nose slightly
what is secondary surveillance radar known as in the US?
air traffic control radar beacon system (ATCRBS)
if the skip-skid is deflected to the right, what sort of rudder pressure is required for flight to be coordinated?
right rudder pressure
how can altitude be maintained if airspeed is decreased in a turn?
altitude may be maintained by either decreasing the angle of bank and/or increasing the angle of attack
where does the pilot get direction indications if the heading indicator is malfunctioning?
compass
approximately what percentage of the indicated vertical speed should be used to determine the number of feet to lead the level-off from a climb or descent to a specific altitude?
10%
which instruments use pitot pressure?
ASI
on which instrument can rate of climb or descent be seen? Alternatively how can it be calculated?
VSI or clock and altimeter combined
Section 4
(10 cards)