Section 1
Preview this deck
Mass
Front
| 5 | 0 | ||
| 4 | 0 | ||
| 3 | 0 | ||
| 2 | 0 | ||
| 1 | 0 |
Active users
0
All-time users
0
Favorites
0
Last updated
6 years ago
Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (126)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Mass
Measure of the amount of "stuff" an object has.
Atomic Mass
Protons + Neutrons, average of all isotopes.
Quarks
Charged particle that is smaller than a proton.
Anion
Negative ion.
How many electrons does the second energy level hold?
8 electrons
Liquid
Definite volume, can flow(takes shape of container), medium energy.
Chemical Properties
Properties that can only be observed by changing the composition of the object. (e.g. flammability, oxidation.)
Fusion
Joining of atoms.
Physical Properties
Properties that can be measured and observed without changing the composition of the object. (e.g. color, texture, malleability)
Half Life
Time it takes for half of the atoms in radioactive material to decay.
Acid
A substance with a pH lower than 7 on the pH scale. Properties: produces H_30 in water, tastes sour, corrodes metals, turns blue litmus paper to red.
Stable
Doesn't change
Solvent
Dissolving medium.
Nucleus
Center of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons.
Boyle's Law
At a constant temperature, the volume and pressure of a gas are inversely related.
Plasma
Extremely high temperatures, ionized state of matter as found in the sun.
Pure Substance
One substance.
Ionic Bonding
Transfer of electrons.
Decomposition
A compound splits. AB = A + B
Law of Conservation of Matter
Matter cannot be created nor destroyed.
Cation
Positive ion.
Cons of Nuclear Energy(fission)
Waste is difficult to dispose of, pollution is deadly.
Matter
Anything that takes up space.
Charles' Law
At a constant pressure, the volume and temperature of a gas are directly related.
3 Particles of Radiation (least to most energy)
Alpha, Beta, Gamma.
Parts of the atom
Protons, electrons, neutrons.
Solute
Dissolved particles.
Influences of phase change
Pressure, absolute temperature, and volume.
Covalent Bonding
Sharing of electrons.
Isotope
Same element with different neutrons than average. All atoms are isotopes.
Gas
No definite shape or volume, high energy.
Solid
Definite shape and volume, cannot flow, low energy.
Valence Electrons
Electrons in the outermost shell/energy level
Volume
Measure of space occupied.
Single Replacement
One element replaces another. AB + C = AC + B
Gay-Lussac's Law
At a constant volume, the pressure and temperature of a gas are directly related.
Radioactivity
Immediate break up of an element and emitting of energy.
How many electrons does the first energy level hold?
2 electrons
Pros of Nuclear Energy(fission)
Little air pollution, cheap, little matter
Fission
Splitting of atoms.
Aqueos Solution
Contains water as the solvent.
Ion
Different electrons, charged.
Heterogenous Mixture
Not uniform, can see the parts of the mixture.
Base
A substance with a pH higher than 7 on the pH scale. Properties: produces OH- in water, tastes bitter, soapy and slippery, turns red litmus paper to blue.
Atomic Number
An atom's identity, number of protons.
Homogenous Mixture
Uniform mix, can't see different parts. Called a solution.
Energy Levels
Possible locations around an atom for electrons that have a specific amount of energy.
Double Replacement
Two elements switch places. AB + CD = AC + BD
Mixture
Blend of two substances. The substances keep their original properties.
Synthesis
Two elements combine. A + B = AB
Section 2
(50 cards)
Joule
SI unit of energy.
Heat Capacity
Raise whole object by 1ºC
Gravitational Force
Force of attraction between two objects.
Force (equation)
F = ma.
Mechanical Energy
Energy from motion, kinetic and potential energy.
Weight
A measure of gravitational force pulling down on an object.
Chemical Energy
Energy from chemical bonds.
Efficiency
Output * 100%/ Input
Temperature
Heat of object.
Tension Force
A force dealing with strings, ropes, cables, etc.
Photoelectric Energy
Electricity from light.
Convection
Heat transfer through a fluid; make current where heat rises.
Specific Heat
The amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of 1 gram of substance by 1ºC.
Acceleration
The rate of change of velocity. a = ∆v/∆t. Units: m/s^2.
Conduction
Heat transfer between two solids that are touching. There must be direct contact.
Force
A push or pull on an object.
Open System
Things move in and out of system.
Radiation (transfer)
Transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves, can travel through a vacuum.
Perpetual Motion Machines
Would run forever without energy input, would break the Law of Conservation of Energy.
Endothermic
A chemical reaction that absorbs energy(feels hot).
Insulators
Heat/Electricity has a hard time passing through easily.
Polyatomic Ions
Groups of atoms that stay together and have an overall charge. The name usually ends in -ate or -ite.
Newton's 2nd Law
Force, mass and acceleration are related. The force applied to an object is the mass of the object multiplied by the acceleration of the object.
Newton's 3rd Law
Every action is accompanied by an equal and opposite reaction. Forces come in pairs.
Closed System
Nothing can escape system.
Balanced Forces
No movement. Net force of 0.
Friction
Force that opposes motion.
Momentum
Ability to resist change.
Inertia
All objects resist a change in their motion.
Thermonuclear Energy
Energy from nuclear fission and fusion.
Velocity
Speed with direction. v = x/t.
Mass and acceleration are _____________ related.
Inversely.
Molecular Compounds
Formed by nonmetals, the name tells you the number of atoms.
Physical Change
Changes appearance of object, doesn't create a new substance.
Kinetic Theory
All matter is made of tiny particles; the higher the temperature, the faster they move; at a constant temperature, heavier particles move slower while smaller particles are faster.
Unbalanced Forces
Motion, changes velocity, object accelerates.
Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transferred from one form to another.
Signs of Chemical Change
Color change, energy release or absorption, gas production(usually in bubbles), formation of a precipitate(a solid).
Normal Force
A force of support, goes against gravity.
Calorie
Unit of energy.
Gravity
Force one object exerts on another. The gravitational pull of two objects is determined by the distance between the objects and the objects' mass.
Energy
The ability to do work.
Work
Applied force that makes an object move. W = fd. Measured in Newton Meters(Joules).
Chemical Change
Creates a new substance.
Electromagnetic Energy
Energy emitted from waves.
Speed
How fast an object is going, how far it traveled over a period of time. s = d/t.
Exothermic
A chemical reaction that releases energy(feels cold).
Conductors
Heat/Electricity passes through easily. Usually metals.
Newton's 1st Law
An object in motion will stay in motion, while an object at rest will stay at rest.
Newton's Law of Gravitation
Two objects always exert gravitational force on each other.
Section 3
(26 cards)