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Behavioral Science I - Psychoactive Drugs

memorize.ai (lvl 286)

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Section 1

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Cocaine, by a different mechanism than amphetamine, does what to certain neurotransmitters? What is a unique property of cocaine can lead to myocardial infarction and cerebral ischemia when used recreationally?

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Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (22)

Section 1

(22 cards)

Cocaine, by a different mechanism than amphetamine, does what to certain neurotransmitters? What is a unique property of cocaine can lead to myocardial infarction and cerebral ischemia when used recreationally?

Front

Decreases their reuptake The vasoconstrictive properties of cocaine increase this possibility.

Back

What does internalization of dopamine receptors refer to?

Front

This refers to the localization of receptors from the outside of the cell to the inside.

Back

Which class of stimulants increase dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin release at the synapse and decrease their reuptake?

Front

Amphetamines

Back

Some complex tasks take undivided, constant attention while some are (or become) routine. What are the names for these two processes?

Front

Controlled (effortful) processing Automatic processing

Back

What are the three brain areas involved in the mesolithic reward pathway?

Front

The nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area, and medial forebrain bundle.

Back

Agonists activate the GABA receptor, causing which ions to flow in and do what to the membrane?

Front

Chloride anions, causing the membrane to hyperpolarize.

Back

Hallucinogens often cause distortions of what? Give two examples.

Front

Reality and fantasy LSD and peyote

Back

You cook a meal while also listening to the radio. What is this an example of?

Front

Divided attention, or the ability to perform multiple tasks at once.

Back

A lifelong alcoholic presents himself with severe memory impairment, loss of motor skills, and cirrhosis. What is the diagnosis?

Front

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome, caused by a deficiency of thiamine (Vitamin B₁). Long-term abuse of alcohol often results in this disorder. Cirrhosis is most likely from the abuse of alcohol.

Back

While taking an exam, you concentrate very hard on your work while another student is distracted very easily. What process are you doing very well?

Front

Selective attention, or the filtering of all other stimuli while focusing on one stimulus

Back

Drug addiction is related to which pathway in the brain? What is it normally involved in?

Front

The mesolithic reward pathway, one of four dopaminergic pathways in the brain. This pathway controls motivation and reward processing.

Back

At a party you hear your name called out from across the room while intently talking to another person. Though you didn't intend to hear this, you still did because it was impactful enough to warrant your attention. What is this an example of?

Front

Cocktail party phenomenon

Back

You concentrate very hard on your paper. What is this an example of?

Front

Attention or concentrating on one aspect of one's sensory environment

Back

3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine or MDMA is also known as what? What class of drug is this?

Front

Ecstasy is a designer amphetamine stimulant

Back

The active ingredient in cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol. This effects which receptors?

Front

Inhibition of GABAa, opioid, glycine, and cannabis receptors.

Back

Heroin (diacetylmorphine) is what class of drug? What is it metabolized to?

Front

Opioid, and it is metabolized to morphine.

Back

What are the two "B" classes of drugs that are agonists for GABAa?

Front

Barbiturates and benzodiazepines Barbiturates are often used for sedation while benzodiazepines are used as anticonvulsants. Both are HIGHLY addictive.

Back

What class of drugs reduce nervous system activity, resulting in a sense of relation and reduced anxiety?

Front

Depressants

Back

Opiates (naturally derived) and opioids (semisynthetic) act on three different receptors in what areas? What is their primary function?

Front

These act on the CNS and PNS. Their primary function is to decrease reaction to pain.

Back

An inebriated individual will be more prone to accidental self-injury. What is the name for this inability to realize the consequence of actions?

Front

Alcohol myopia

Back

What class of drugs increase the frequency of stimulatory action potentials, increasing arousal?

Front

Stimulants

Back

Drinking alcohol (ethanol) is an agonist for what receptor in the brain? What does this result in?

Front

GABAa This results in general inhibition of the brain including centers that control inappropriate behavior.

Back