Section 1
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Midbrain
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (53)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Midbrain
System of structures bridging the primitive Hindbrain to the sophisticated Forebrain -Aids in perception -Aids in cognition and memory processing
Neuron
a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
Lateral Hypothalamus
Initiates hunger and thirst
Transverse Temporal Gyrus (Heschl's Gyrus)
Responsible for vocal signature identification
Reticular Formation (RF)
(Part of Brain stem) Complex system of nerve fibers composing the inner core of the brain stem -Serves as a sensory fiber, screening about 80% of all incoming messages -Regulates attention: sensitive to threats, danger, & signals that arouse the senses
Occipital Lobe
Responsible for the perceptions of visual sensations (visual cortex) •signals from left eye are processed within the right visual cortex •signals from right eye are processed within the left visual cortex
Cerebral Cortex
Thin "wrinkly" external surface of the cerebrum -1/8" - 1/4" (2-3mm) thick -contains 2/3 of the brains interneurons -"wrinkles" = fissures
Thalamus
Receives filtered sensory messages from RF -Codes, sorts, and relays information to the cortex
What is the Cerebral Cortex divided into?
4 Cortical Lobes
Approximate mass of adult brain
3 lbs
Forebrain
"Mammalian Brain" Responsible for complex "humanistic" traits... -self aware consciousness -memory -intelligence -personality
Approximate % of body's oxygen supply to brain
20%
Characteristics of Right Hemisphere
-controls left-side body functions -creative functions (art, music, etc) -emotional thought -spatial relationships -imaginative thinking
A4 Medial Geniculate Nucleus (A4-MGN)
"music processor" -pitch, harmony, melody, etc
Ventromedial Hypothalamus
Initiates satiety reflex
Temporal Lobe
Responsible for the perception of auditory sensations (auditory cortex) •Involved in long term storage of memory
Cerebellum
(Part of the hind brain) "Mini brain" Keeps you alive -Bi-hemispherical -Body coordination -Balance -Posture
Motor Cortex
Sends bio-electrical impulses to muscles to enable voluntary muscles movement
Hypothalamus
"Quality Control Center" -regulates the Amygdala -regulates Pituitary Gland -regulates sex drive
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Regulates biorhythms (hunger, sleep, menstral cycle, etc.)
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex
Responsible for judgement & decision making
Brain Stem
Structural tissue that fuses the spinal cord to the brain -Responsible for visceral functions -1st structure to function upon birth, last to fail upon oxygen deprivation
Basal Ganglia
Connects the cerebellum (Hindbrain) to the motor cortex (Forebrain) -Responsible for voluntary Muscle movement timing
V1 Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (V1-LGN)
-feature detector within the visual cortex -perception and recognition of color
Approximate energy expenditure
Brain operates on just 15-25 watts of energy
Fusiform Gyrus
Responsible for facial (people) recognition *not utilized by people with autism
CT scan
a series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body
Characteristics of Left Hemisphere
-controls right-side body functions -analytical functions (math) -logical thought -structured organization -language
Frontal Lobe
Largest surface area of the cortical lobes • 5 Primary functions 1.) Speech production 2.) mood related emotion 3.) personality 4.) voluntary muscle control 5.) advanced cognition -abstract & hypothetical thoughts -logical decision making -problem solving skills
Corpus Callossum
Dense, compacted band of axons & nerve fibers that bind the 2 cerebral hemispheres together -Bridge that allows for cerebral lateralization
Cerebrum
Largest part of the brain -About 80% of the brains mass -divided into 2 hemispheres that lateralize for specialized cognitive functioning
Hindbrain
"Reptilian Brain" -Primitive structures shared by all vertebrate creatures -Responsible for basic, autonomic functions
Accumbens Nucleus
-pleasure /reward center - procedural learning, repetitive/habitual behaviors (addiction, OCD, etc.)
Amygdala
Part of the Limbic System responsible for generating primal instinctive emotion -fear -anxiety -anger/rage -aggression
Medulla Oblongata
(Part of Brain stem) Regulates circulatory system: pulse, bp, etc. -Visceral reflexes... -swallowing -gagging/vomiting -sneezing & coughing -blinking & pupil dilation
Hippocampus
Memory encoder -Selects the neural pathways through which memories are stored
PET (position emission tomography) scan
a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task
Primary functions of the Limbic System and the structures that compose it
-Network of hindbrain & midbrain structures Functions: •emotional instincts: fear, anger, anxiety, etc. •survival/instinctive behaviors: -hunger drive, thirst drive, sex drive -Freeze-Flight-or-Fight responses Primary Structures: •RF, Amygdala, Hypothamalus, Hippocampus
Broca's Area
Association area responsible for vocal articulation needed for speech production
The role of Glial cells...
-Replenishing nutrients & biochemicals -Removal of cellular waste from neurons -Pruning and decomposition of unused neurons -May have the potential to process information
Inferior Gyrus
Responsible for object recognition
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. MRI scans show brain anatomy.
Approximate % of body's blood supply to brain
20%
Wernicke's area
Language comprehension (left temporal lobe)
EEG (electroencephalogram)
An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp.
fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)
a technique for revealing blood flow and, therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. MRI scans show brain anatomy; fMRI scans show brain function.
Pons Varolii
(Part of Brain stem) Regulates respiration -Serves as a temporary "recycling bin" for neural impulses filtered/discarded by the RF -Plays essential role in REM stages of sleep =Dreamscape
Lateral Superior Olive
Responsible for source location for sound
Angular Gyrus
Multi-sensory processor -"Parallel Processing"
Lesioning
tissue destruction. A naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue.
Section 2
(3 cards)