Section 1
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molecular formula
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Section 1
(50 cards)
molecular formula
a chemical formula of a molecular compound that shows the kinds and numbers of atoms present in a molecule of a compound ex:
chemical equations
an expression representing a chemical reaction; the formulas of the reactants (on the left) are connected by an arrow with the formulas for the products (on the right)
atomic radius
one - half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined The trend: left to right- increases down to up- increases
group
vertical column of electrons in the periodic table
Solid
A form of matter that has a definite shape and volume, low energy, atoms compact
cation
any atom or group of atoms with a positive charge
Aufbau principal
the rule that electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first
halogens
a nonmetal in group 7a of the period table F, Cl, Br, I
molar mass
a term used to refer to the mass of a mole of any substance
ion
an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge
period
a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
Physical property
A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measure without changing the substances composition Ex: hardness, color, conductivity,and malleability
balanced equations
a chemical equation in which mass is conserved; each side of the equation has the same number of atoms of each element
Gas
A form if matter that takes up shape and volume of its container; Has no definite shape or volume, high energy
valence electrons
an electron in the highest occupied energy level of an atom
chemical reaction
a change in which one or more reactants change into one or more products; characterized by the breaking of bonds in reactants and the formation of bonds in products
empirical formula
a formula with the lowest whole number ratio of elements in a compound; the empirical formula of hydrogen peroxide
Proton
A postively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom
Atomic number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element
hund's rule
electron's occupy orbitals of the same energy in what that makes the number or electrons with the same spin direction as large as possible
ionic bond
the electrostatic attraction that binds oppositely charged ions together ex:LiF lithium fluoride
chemical symbol
one-or-two letter representation of an element
ionization energy
the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state trend: (period) left to right - increases (group) top to bottom- decreases
nobel gas
an element in group 8a of the periodic table; the s and p sub levels of the highest occupied energy level are filled ex: He, Ne, Ar, Kr,
electronegativity
the ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound trend: left to right- increases down to up- increases
Electron configuration
the arrangement of electrons if an atom in its ground stay into various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms Ex: 1s2 2s2
chemical property
the ability to substance to undergo a specific chemical change
non metal
an element that tends to be a poor conductor of heat and electric current; nonmetals generally have properties opposite to those of metals; found all the way on the right of the periodic table
Chemical change
A change that produces matter with a different compositionthat the original matter Ex: bike turning into rust
Mass number
The total number of protons and neuteons in the nucleus of an atom
mole
the amount of a substance that contains 6.022 x 10^23 representatives particles of that substance
reactant
a substance present at the start of a reaction
Law of conservation of mass
in any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved; mass can be neither created nor destroyed
Electrons
Negatively charged subatomic particle
pauli exclusion principal
an atomic orbital may describe at most to electrons, each with opposite spin direction
Physical change
A change during which some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change Ex: cutting a piece of paper
covalent bond
bond formed by a sharing of the electrons between atoms ex: F2
Neutron
A subatomic particle with no charge and a mass of 1 amu; found in the nucleus of an atom
avogadros number
equal volumes of gases at the same temp and pressure contain equal numbers of particles
polyatomic ion
a tightly bound group of atoms that behaves as a unit and has a motive or negative charge
synthesis reaction (combination reaction)
A chemical reaction following the generic reaction A+B-->AB
transition metals
one of the group B elements in which the highest occupied s sub level and a nearby d sub level generally contain electrons ex: Al, Sn, Pb
alkali earth metals
any metal in group 2a of the periodic table ex: Be, Mg, Sr
Heterogeneous
Mixture that is not uniform in composition; componentsare not evenly distributed throughout the mixture Ex: hard boil rggs in water
Liquid
A form of matter that flows, has an indefinite shape and fixed volume, medium energy
metal
one of a class of elements that are good conductors of heat and electric current; metals tend to be ductile and maleable and shiny; found in the periodic table on the left side
product
a substance produced in a chemical reaction
Homogeneous mixture
A mixture that is uniform in composition; componentsare evenly distributed are not easily distinguished Ex: oil and vinegar
alkali metals
any metal in group 1a of the periodic table; ex: Na, Li, K
anion
any atom or group of atoms with a negative charge
Section 2
(20 cards)