Section 1
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Motivations for Exploration
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (392)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Motivations for Exploration
God, Gold, Glory
Renaissance
Rebirth
Persecution
Discrimination
Philosophy
A theory on about or how to better something in life.
Christopher Columbus
1492 accidentally found America
Triangular Trade
The trading route that would go in a triangular pattern of Europeans going to Africa to capture human beings to go to the "New World" in order to create goods for the Europeans which would be sent to Europe.
The Pope
Leader of the Catholic Church
Exploitation
To take advantage of something at the cost of someone else.
Monarchy
King and Queen rule over the land
Philosopher
Someone who is a scholar or educated in the world around them and thinks about how to make it better.
Caravel
New Type of Ship that could easily go into shallow waters
Culture
The strand of Social Studies that has to deal with beliefs and traditions that are past down generation to generation.
Government
The strand of Social Studies that deals with the types of systems that controls a country, land or area.
Colonist
Someone who lives in a colony
Economics
The strand of Social Studies that deals with money, business and production.
Cartography
Map Making Skills
Indulgence
The selling of forgiveness of your sins to go to heaven
Revolution
fighting for a change in government or a social injustice
Cease
Stop
Secular
Worldly not Godly
Execution
sentenced to death
Exploration
Seeking for new goods, services, things.
Printing Press
invention that would make literacy skills more available
Raw Material
Materials in their original form before being produced into something else to be sold.
Heliocentric Theory
Sun is the center of the universe
History
The strand of Social Studies that pertains to past events.
Literacy
Reading and writing skills
Geocentric Theory
Earth is the cent of the universe
Heretic
Someone who believes or speaks out against the Catholic Church
Slavery
Forced unpaid work
Agriculture
The practice of farming land and raising stock
Motto
Saying
Factory
Large building in which machinery is used to manufacture goods
Martin Luther
Wrote the 95 theses in protest to the Catholic Church
Reformation
The time period in history where the Catholic Church is RE-MADE and Re-formed because of their corruption.
Rural
Farm area
Patron
Someone who financially supports an artist
Humanism
Focus on the individual and individual achievements
Activist
Someone who fights for a change
Natural Rights
Life, Liberty, Property
Industrial Revolution
refers to the time period of when there is an increase in the output of machine-made goods that began in England in the middle of the 1700's
Absolutism
Absolute Control
Timeline
A way to display past events in a chronological order.
Urban
City like area
Boycott
To protest or show dislike towards a particular issue
Realism
Life like
Compass
Now tells directions by the magnetic poles
Geography
The strand of Social Studies that pertains to the world and its physical features and how people interact with them.
Republic
Government where individuals vote on representatives to vote on their needs and wants
Protestantism
Any Christian church that would split from the Catholic Church
Section 2
(50 cards)
Space Race
The battle between the United States and the Soviet Union in which both nations aimed to be the first to explore outer space
Elitism
One group of people think they're better than everyone else.
concentration camps
place where large amounts of people would go to "work" off their debt to society. It was where mainly Jewish people and other undesirable people during WWII would go.
taxes
a sum of money demanded by the government for its support or for specific facilities or services.
loan
an amount of money that is borrowed and expected to be paid back
Nationalism
Strong pride for one's country
Supply
How much you have of a product or item
Hot War
Actual warfare, all talks have failed and the armies are fighting.
Warm War
Talks are still going on and there would always be a chance of a peaceful outcome but armies, navies etc are being fully mobilized.
Alliances
An agreement between two or more nations to protect each other in time of war and conflict.
death camp
A place where large amounts of people are sent to die.
Imperialism
Extending a nation by taking another one over militarily, politically, economically or socially.
White Man's Burden
The theory that Europeans need to explore several areas of the world especially Africa to help educate and Christianize them.
Deforestation
Cutting down trees and turning forest/woods/rural areas into city areas.
reparations
country pays for damage caused by war as a punishment
stock market
when you buy stock, you become a shareholder, which means you now are a part owner of the company and can make a profit or lose money
"Jewel in the crown"
The thought that India is the best asset to the British during the Age of Imperialism because it is its largest money maker.
ghetto
a section of a city where Jews were forced to live before being placed in a concentration camp or death camp
Extermination
complete and immediate extinction by killing off all individuals
Social Darwinism
A stronger society takes over weaker societies. According to this theory, this a natural process that will occur.
Soviet Union
The former Russian state (during WWII-1991)
gestapo
German secret police
sepoy
Indian solider in the British Army
Detente
A relaxing of tension between major powers, especially the particular easing of relations between the Soviet Union and the United States
Bias
A feeling or opinion especially one that is preconceived or un-reasoned.
Diplomat
A representative of a country that goes various places to share their countries thoughts on a topic
demand
the want for a product
inhumane
not human; lacking pity or kindness; not fit for humans
investments
the action or process of investing money for profit or material result
Sovereignty
Independence-having power over yourself and / or others.
Cuban Missile Crisis
was a 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union concerning Soviet ballistic missiles deployment in Cuba
Iron Curtain
an imaginary line dividing the communist controlled sphere within Europe and the "free" or democratic nations of Europe
Labor
Work, Workers
Sputnik
Launched by the Soviet Union - the first artificial satellite put into Earth's orbit
Credit
money you can spend but don't actually have and need to return
Aid
to help
Assassination
when a political figure is murdered
holocaust
specific genocide of the Jewish community during WW2
Militarism
Having and maintaining a strong military
Nuclear Weapons
an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions
Mercantilism
The selling and buying of goods to make a profit. Trading for a job.
labor
work
Joseph Stalin
The leader of the communist Soviet Union (during WWII)
Missile
an object that is forcibly propelled at a target, either by hand or from a mechanical weapon.
Satellite Nation
a nation under heavy political or economic influence of a more powerful nation
Benito Mussolini
The dictator of Italy (during WWII)
aryan
the supposid perfect race in Nazi Germany
great depression
an economic period in the worlds history when people would begin to lose money and become impoverished.
propaganda
the promoting of information in a biased way. Examples: movies, posters, political cartoons, advertisements and much more.
tenements
Apartments during the Industrial Revolution that is unsafe, typically no private restroom, no windows, not a lot of fresh air and is hot and humid.
Section 3
(50 cards)
political party
a group of people that have similar political views
cabinet
a body of advisers or people who give advice to the president of the United States (people are the head of the various government departments)
standing army, navy, etc
a permanent and usually professional military sector that has full-time soldiers and employees
Atomic Bomb
a bomb whose potency is derived from nuclear fission of atoms of fissionable material with the consequent conversion of part of their mass into energy.
Inaugural
Beginning of a presidents term
diplomacy
the act or job of managing international affairs
patent
document protecting the rights to an invention
homesteading
settlement and improvements of land to secure ownership
charter
document of privileges ranted by a ruler
Electoral College
a group of people that represent the states of the US who formally cast votes for the President and Vice President
Poverty
one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money
Refugee
someone who has been forced to leave a country because of war or for religious or political reasons
emigrants
those who leave their homeland to settle elsewhere
Impressments
During the War of 1812 this was forced recruitment of sailors into the British Navy.
artisans
highly skilled craftsman
exports
goods sent out of a country
Booby Trap
is a device or set up that is intended to kill, harm or surprise a person, unknowingly triggered by the presence or actions of the victim
vocation
occupation
Colony
settlement controlled by a mother country
cession
handing over to another
Vietnam War
In Vietnam, the US and other countries joined forces with south Vietnam to try and avoid communism from North Vietnam. This would be the first war America would lose.
Sniper
skilled military shooter detailed to spot and pick off enemy soldiers from a concealed place
Vietcong
Communist forces fighting the South Vietnamese government
embargo
an official ban on trade with a certain country or countries
sovereignty
power of a state or area
sectionalism
loyalty to one's region over country
Foxhole
a small dugout with a pit for individual shelter against enemy fire
annexation
addition of land to a country
Primary Source
historical account based on firsthand sources
Tertiary Source
information from second or third-hand sources
Korea War
When North and South Korea would have two different governments. North Korea was communist and South Korea was a form of Democracy. North Korea wanted Korea to be whole and attacked south Korea. This war would go on for 3 years and not really solve anything. Korea is now split into two countries. North Korea is still communist and South Korea is a republic.
popular sovereignty
historical view that settlers could decide their slavery status
veto
the ability to reject a decision made by a law making body. example of who can veto: President, Legislative Branch, Congress
natural resource
materials that can be used for an economic gain, these materials are minerals, wood, forests, water, fertile land or anything that is created in a natural setting
Life Expectancy
the average period that a person may expect to live.
Secondary Source
information learned from a primary source
GDP
Gross Domestic Product-is the monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period
elector
a person who has the right to vote in an election
precedent
a similar situation or event that happened previously that is now used as a guide for all further events.
headwaters
mountain streams that flow to become rivers
negotiations
a discussion that has the main purpose or goal of created an agreement between people or groups of people etc.
civilian
not connected with the military
democracy
a government system where the people of the country vote on the laws and what is going on in the country.
textiles
woven materials
palisade
a fence of strong stakes or trees
Humanitarian
concerned with or seeking to promote human welfare.
imports
goods brought into a country
expedition
a voyage or expedition by a group of people for a specific reason
GI Joe
a popular action figure that represents US soldiers. GI stands for "Government Issued"
entrepreneur
one who starts a business
Section 4
(50 cards)
etiquette
polite, social behavior
thesis
an unproven opinion statement
prose
writing in paragraph form
candidate
Person seeking election or appointment
traitor
one who betrays a country
qualification
ability and accomplishment that suits a person to a position
reform
change to correct wrongs
ambassador
an official representative of a country
delegation
ruler who takes total control over a country
monopoly
exclusive control of trade
commission
authority given, as to a military officer
despotism
government ruled by a leader with total control
Chronology
time-ordered list of events
magistrate
public officer, who can preside over a court
customs
import or export of taxes
treason
betrayal of one's country
merchantilism
economic principle supporting colonies as a source of wealth and power
proprietor
person or group granted control of a colony
revolution
overthrow of a government by the people
dominion
land under control of a government
merchant
trader
patriots
colonist in America who opposed British rule
market
lands where goods can be sold
monarchy
government ruled by royalty, king and queens
barter
exchange of goods and services
sociology
the study of human social behavior
perspective
point of view
allies
nations that are joined together for a cause
humanitarianism
action to help the needy
military
a trained citizen army that fights when needed
Puritans
colonial English Puritans
profits
gain from product sales
philosophy
study of wisdom, values and thought
Loyalists
American colonists who supported Britain before / during the American Revolution
compromise
settlement achieved by giving up at least some demands
constitution
a plan of government
delegate
group of representatives
hysteria
extreme, uncontrolled emotions
revolutionary
one who favors or participates in a revolution
editorial
article or other form of expressing views
compact
solemn agreement
empire
country that controls itself and other lands
dictator
ruler who takes total control over a country
bias
a leaning toward a particular point of view
militia
having to do with armed forces
Enlightenment
18th century Age of Reason
tolerance
respect for differences among people
golden age
period of peace and achievements
apprentice
one who works with a merchant or craftsman to learn a trade
cede
give possession of lands to another
Section 5
(50 cards)
atrocities
war crimes or cruelity
technology
use of scientific knowledge to solve practical problems
martial law
military control in an emergency
Alexander Graham Bell
Invented the telephone
scapegoat
a person blamed for others' misdeeds
retrospective
a look back at past events
racism
the belief that all members of each race possess characteristics or abilities specific to that race, especially so as to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or races.
freedmen
former slaves
arsenal
supply of weapons and ammutations
suffrage
the right to vote
institution
practice, relationship pr behavior pattern important to a community
repeal
withdrawal of a law
abolitionism
anti-slavery movement
oligarchy
a government where the minority or where a few control / govern over the majority
conspiracy
secret plot to commit an illegal act
activism
working for a social or political reform
Big Business
large-scale or important financial or commercial activity.
sue
to bring a civil case against another for a wrong
theocracy
a government that is primarily based on a particular religions beliefs and rules
tenant farming
a person who farms the land of another and pays rent with cash or with a portion of the produce.
civil suit
legal case about the rights of citizens
Thomas Edison
invented the light bulb
treaty
a formal agreement between two nations
revolt
uprising
Woman's Suffrage
The movement to gain women the right to vote
legacy
what is left behind for future generations
seccession
withdrawal from the Union
sharecropping
to farm as a sharecropper.
Industrial
of, pertaining to, of the nature of, or resulting from industry: industrial production; industrial waste.
armory
storage place for weapons and ammunition
ideal
an honorable or worthy standard
feminism
movement for women's rights
radical
extreme in views or actions
foreclosure
the process of taking possession of a mortgaged property as a result of the mortgagor's failure to keep up mortgage payments
Susan B. Anthony
Influential woman during the fight to gain women the right to vote
successor
one who takes a position after another
advocates
people who support a cause
Labor Union
an organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests.
Trust
When two or more companies come together to gain a market.
resolution
formal statement of an assembly
reformers
people seeking to correct societal problems
immigrant
Someone who lives in a country that they moved to from their country of origin
feature
story on a subject of public interest
John D. Rockefeller
led / controlled the oil industry
descendant
one in direct line from a past person or group
mutiny
rebellion to take control of a ship
debt
something that is owed or that one is bound to pay to or perform for another
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
A fire in 1911 that would kill over a hundred workers in NY and would start a chain reaction to change working conditions
corruption
dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery
district attorney
lawyer to tries cases for a government
Section 6
(50 cards)
USA
Our home country that is lead by Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Flapper
an unconventional young woman in the 1920s
France
One of the original members of the Allies that will quickly fall to the Axis Powers.
Louis Armstrong
Born and raised in New Orleans would grow up learning to play the trumpet and would become a legend in the Jazz community.
Duke Ellington
A famous musician that played multiple instruments and was a great improviser.
Speakeasies
Illegal hidden bars where people went to drink alcohol during the 1920s
Fascism
An Authoritarian and nationalistic ran government where the military is used to enforce the laws.
entertainer
a person who tries to please or amuse others
Melting Pot
The theory that states that everyone is assimilated or melted down to conform to one idea.
Productivity
How much someone makes
Immigrant
a person who comes to a country in order to settle there
Langston Hughes
Famous poet and author
USSR
Former country of Russia that is now controlled by the Communist dictator Joseph Stalin
Mitchell Palmer
A traditionalist that was strong for American values and would arrest communists and anarchists.
Angel Island
Where immigrants would come through on the West Coast to enter the United States
Communism
A government where there is no privatized property and everything is state owned and ran.
Assembly Line
A production system with machines and workers arranged so that each person performs an assigned task again and again as the item passes before him or her.
Authoritarian
favoring or enforcing strict obedience to authority, especially that of the government, at the expense of personal freedom.
Lend-Lease Act
When the US would help the British by supplying ammunition and warships for several military bases in Bermuda and the Caribbean.
Al Capone
A notorious gangster that headed Chicago's south side Italian gang. He is believed to be responsible for the St. Valentine's Day Massacre.
Isolationism
Staying to yourself, not being involved in other affairs and not having others involved in your affairs.
Harlem Renaissance
The black cultural movement consisting of painting music and literature
Charles Lindenberg
Famous 20's pilot. He was the first man to fly a plane across the Atlantic ocean.
Installment Buying
The act of buy an item or items and paying in installments for the product. Which installments are equal sized payments that will eventually equal the full amount of the item / items
Deport
To send immigrants / illegal immigrants back to where they were born because they are illegally here or they did not fulfill a requirement of living in the US.
Radio
1st created and was a way to communicate with the country
Suburban Area
The area between the rural and cities areas that are more easily accessed because of autombiles
Appeasement
The act of allowing things to happen in order to keep the peace or to not start issues.
Ellis Island
Where immigrants would come through on the East Coast to enter the United States.
Inflation
An economic condition when money loses its value but prices start to rise.
Labor Saving Product
Products / devices that would save the average woman / person of the house time and manual labor when completing daily or weekly tasks.
Jazz
A style of music that made powerful statements in the 1920's and through the years that would rely on improvising, freedom and creativity.
Prohibition
The legal ban of alcohol in the United States.
18th amendment
made consumption, production and selling of alcohol illegeal
Assimilate
When everyone conforms to one idea of what they should be like
21st amendment
Repealed prohibition
Philanthropist
Someone who gives a lot to charities
Quota
a prescribed number
Chinese Exclusion Act
A law that allowed a quota of how many Chinese immigrants could enter America each year
Volstead Act
A law that established the penalties for violating Prohibition.
Anarchist
Someone who believes against governments
Adolf Hitler
Leader of Germany
Sacco and Vanzetti
Two Italian immigrants that were anarchists. They were accused of murder.
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Led / Controlled the railroad industry
Capitalism
an economic system based on private property and the desire to earn and make more money / have more property.
Henry Ford
Created the assembly line and interchangeable parts for automobiles
Bessie Smith
One of the most famous Blues artists of the 1920s
Normalcy
the state of being within the range of regular functioning
Andrew Carnegie
Led / controlled the steel industry
1st amendment
Freedom of Speech
Section 7
(50 cards)
Marshall Plan
Economic aid package aimed at helping rebuild European countries after WWII and stop the spread of communism.
D-Day
The invasion of Normandy. The Allies would land troops on the beaches of Normandy France and start to push the Germany out of Northern France.
Neutral
Not choosing a side during a time of conflict or war.
Reconstruction
the time period following the Civil War where the Southern States were controlled by the Federal Government and granted African Americans the right to citizenship and voting after the abolishing of slavery.
The Axis Powers
Germany, Italy, Japan during World War II
Democracy
A type of government in which the people (citizens) rule. Citizens can vote for their government leaders.
Warsaw Pact
Military alliance formed by communist controlled nations.
Cash Crop
A crop grown for the purpose of making money.
Swastika
The symbol of the Nazi Party
Poll Tax
A tax placed at voting polls to hinder African Americans from voting.
Cold War
A state of hostility and tension without actual fighting between the US and the USSR.
Freedmen
an emancipated slave
Concentration Camps
A place where large numbers of political prisoners or persecuted minorities were imprisoned, especially Nazi Germany
Genocide
The deliberate killing of a large group of people, often of a specific ethnic group.
United Nations
International group that will replace the failing League of Nations after World War II
Preservation
the act of preserving something or protecting the originality or original features of something.
Domino Theory
The idea that if one country is taken over by a communist nation, nearby countries will be taken over as well.
14th Amendment
all persons born in the US or who have been naturalized are citizens of the US. This would give citizenship to African Americans when slavery was abolished.
Ghetto
A section of a city where Jews were forced to live. They could not leave for work or any other reason. The ghettos were overcrowded and the residents were often starving.
Satellite State
when a nation is under the control of another.
Totalitarianism
A government where a dictator has complete control.
15th Amendment
Gives African Americans the right to vote in the United States.
NATO
Military Alliance formed by democratic nations to stop the spread of Communism
Anti-Semetism
The intense dislike for and against Jewish people
Kamakazi
Suicide Japanese fighter jets
Dehumanization
The act of degrading people based on their best qualities
Invasion of Poland
The start of World War II
Literacy Test
A reading test given before being able to vote in the south during Reconstruction. This would eliminate African Americans from voting.
Fallout Shelter
An underground bunker or safe area from nuclear explosions.
Grandfather Clause
A loophole to allow anyone who had at least one family member who was legally able to vote before the Civil War did not have to take a literacy test. This would hurt African Americans since most during Reconstruction were unable to read.
Segregation
the deliberate separation of people based on the color of their skin, background culture, heritage, status etc...
Soviet - German Non-Aggression Pact
The Pact signed by the USSR and Germany to not fight each other or start any military attacks for ten years. This will be broken when Germany invades the USSR.
Red Scare
The fear of communism in the US; McCarthyism flourished because of this fear.
Holocaust
The mass murder of Jewish people under the German Nazi rule from 1933-1945
Representative - Democracy
Government type where the people vote for representatives to vote on their needs unlike a democracy where the people vote on everything.
Anarchy
No government
Lynching
the killing of someone; typically by hanging, for an alleged offense without a trial.
Truman Doctrine
The US policy to protect nations that were threatened by communism.
Jim Crow Laws
The state mandates / laws that would segregate public places, public transportation, restaurants, restrooms etc...
13th Amendment
Abolishes slavery
The Allies
The alliance formed by the USA, Great Britain, and USSR during World War II.
Dictatorship
A type of government in which absolute power is given to one person.
Berlin Airlift
When the US flew food, supplies and fuel into West Berlin, in response to the Soviet blockade
Displacement
The moving of something from its position so something else can take the place
capitalism
economic systems based on private ownership of property - citizens are free to own property and start businesses
Freedman's Bureau
established in 1865 by Congress to help former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the U.S. Civil War
Containment
The US policy of stopping the spread of communism
Reconcile
to restore to friendly relations
Sharecropping
a form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land which typically led to a cycle of poverty.
Arms Race
The competition between nations to achieve superiority in quantity and quality of nuclear weapons
Section 8
(42 cards)