Useful as an alternative means of identifying instances of an entity
Back
How do you turn "data" into "information"?
Front
By querying it or accessing it
Back
If subtypes are listed, a supertype should have at least two subtypes. True or False?
Front
T
Back
Which of the following are examples of data vs. information:
Front
- Student age vs. average age of all students in class
- Bank deposit amount vs. total account balance
- Price of a computer vs. total sales of all computers for a company
Back
Personal computers (PCs) have been in existence since 1950. True or False?
Front
F
Back
Which of the following is the best scenario for using supertype/subtype entities:
Front
A vehicle dealership that sells boats on trailers, cars, and trucks
Back
Non-transferable relationships can only be mandatory, not optional. True or False?
Front
F
Back
An entity can be on 2nd Normal Form even if it has repeated values. True or False?
Front
F
Back
Many-to-Many relationships are perfectly acceptable in a finished ERD. There is no need to do any more work on them. True or False?
Front
F
Back
The overall mission of the Oracle Corporation is to use the internet and fast processing servers to build its own network
Front
F
Back
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of steps in the Database Development Process?
Front
Analyze, Design, Build
Back
Modeling historical data can produce a unique identifier that includes a date. True or False?
Front
T
Back
All attributes that are part of the UID are mandatory. True or False?
Front
T
Back
Relationships always exist between
Front
2 entities (or one entity and itself)
Back
To visually represent exclusivity between two or more relationships in an ERD you would most likely use a/an ________.
Front
Arc
Back
Oracle was one of the first relational database systems available commercially. True or False?
Front
T
Back
Which of the following is an example of a structural business rule?
Front
All employees must belong to at least one department
Back
If a relationship can be moved between instances of the entities it connects, it is said to be:
Front
Transferable
Back
A business rule such as "All accounts must be paid in full within 10 days of billing" is best enforced by:
Front
Hiring a programmer to create additional programming code to identify and report accounts past due
Back
What are the three properties that every relationship should have?
Front
Name, optionality, cardinality
Back
Examine the following entity and decide which attribute breaks the 2nd Normal Form rule:
ENTITY: CLASS
ATTRIBUTES:
CLASS ID
DURATION
SUBJECT
TEACHER NAME AND ADDRESS
Front
TEACHER NAME AND ADDRESS
Back
Which of the following would best be represented by an arc?
Front
STUDENT ( University, Trade School)
Back
No database in the world is ever truly on 3rd Normal Form. Everyone always stops after 2nd Normal Form. True or False?
Front
F
Back
When resolving a M:M relationship, the new relationships will always be __________ on the many side.
Front
Mandatory
Back
Audit trail attributes cannot be placed in the entities they are auditing, they must be placed in separate, new entities, created just for that purpose. True or False?
Front
F
Back
A relationship can be both recursive and hierachal at the same time. True or False?
Front
F
Back
When you resolve a M:M by creating an intersection entity, this new entity will always inherit
Front
A relationship to each entity from the original M:M.
Back
Attributes are written inside the entity to which they belong. True or False?
Front
T
Back
A well structured ERD will show only some parts of the finished data model. You should never try to model the entire system in one diagram, no matter how small the diagram might be. True or False?
Front
F
Back
An entity can only have one UID. True or False?
Front
F
Back
n this simple diagram, what comprises the unique identifier for the student class entity?
Front
student id and course id
Back
All of the following would be instances of the entity PERSON except which?
Front
Male
Back
Data Modeling is the last step in the database development process. True or False?
Front
F
Back
This diagram could also be expressed as a supertype/subtype construction. True or False?
Front
False
Back
Many to many relationships between entities usually hide what? Mark for Review
Front
Another entity
Back
When are relationships unnecessary?
Front
When you can derive the relationship from other relationships in the model
Back
What uncommon relationship is described by the statements: "Each LINE must consist of many POINTS and each POINT must be a part of many LINES"
Front
Many to Many Mandatory
Back
Entity names are always plural. True or False?
Front
F
Back
A unique identifier can only be made up of one attribute. True or False?
Front
F
Back
When data is stored in more than one place in a database, the database violates the rules of ___________.
Front
Normalization
Back
If an intersection entity is formed that contains no attributes of its own, its uniqueness may be modeled by
Front
Barring the relationships to the original entities.
Back
The following entity is in 1st normal form: True or False?
ENTITY: VEHICLE
ATTRIBUTES:
REGISTRATION
MAKE
MODEL
COLOR
DRIVER
PASSENGER 1
PASSENGER 2
PASSENGER 3
Front
F
Back
Changes in computing have affected many of our day-to-day activities. Are all of the following activities examples of this change? Yes or No?In the past you used to use the phone system to call directory assistance to get a phone number. Today you can use your PC to look up a phone number online.In the past you used to have to go to the shoe store to buy shoes. Today you can use your PC to order shoes online.In the past you had to use your PC to send a person an email. Today you can use your phone to send a text message.
Front
YES
Back
As a database designer, you have a responsibility to store data in only one place and in the best possible place. True or False?
Front
T
Back
A non-transferable relationship is represented by which of the following symbols?
Front
Diamond
Back
Consider the recommended drawing conventions for ERD's. Indicate which of the following accurately describes diagramming conventions for entities and attributes:
Front
The * means that an attribute is mandatory or required; the entity name should be singular
Back
Which of the following is a TRUE statement about the diagram below?
Front
Every A is a B
Back
When all attributes are single-valued, the database model is said to conform to:
Front
1st Normal Form
Back
Which of the following is the definition for Third Normal Form?
Front
No non-UID attribute can be dependent on another non-UID attribute
Back
What is the rule of Second Normal Form?
Front
All non-UID attributes must be dependent upon the entire UID.
Back
Section 2
(50 cards)
Which of the following SQL statements will display the title and cost of each book stored in the BOOKS table, as well as the name of the contact person and the phone number to call to reorder the book?
Front
SELECT title, cost, contact, phone
FROM publisher JOIN books
USING (pubid);
Back
Which of the following SQL statements will display the gift that should be sent to any customer who orders the book titled SHORTEST POEMS?
Front
SELECT gift FROM promotion, books
WHERE retail BETWEEN minretail AND maxretail
AND title = 'SHORTEST POEMS';
Back
Parentheses can be used to override the order of operations in an arithmetic expression
Front
T
Back
If you are tracking employment dates for an employee, do you need to have an "End Date" attribute?
Front
Yes, if the company wants to track multiple start dates and insure that multiple employment dates for an employee do not overlap
Back
In a Cartesian join, linking a table that contains 10 rows to a table that contains 9 rows will result in ____ rows being displayed in the output
Front
90
Back
Based upon the contents of the BOOKS table, which of the following SQL statements will display five rows in its results?
Front
SELECT DISTINCT pubid FROM books;
Back
Based upon the contents of the BOOKS table in the accompanying figure, which of the following queries will retrieve all books published in 2001?
Front
SELECT * FROM books
WHERE pubdate BETWEEN '01-JAN-01' AND '31-DEC-01';
SELECT * FROM books
WHERE pubdate LIKE '%01';
SELECT * FROM books
WHERE pubdate >= '01-JAN-01' AND pubdate <= '31-DEC-01';
Back
Which of the following is a valid SQL statement to retrieve data from the ORDERS table?
Front
SELECT order#, orderdate, shipdate FROM orders;
Back
A(n) ____ is used to combine the results of two queries
Front
set operator
Back
In a payroll system, it is desirable to have an entity called DAY with a holiday attribute when you want to track special holidays. True or False?
Front
T
Back
A barrred Relationship will result in a Foreign Key column that also is part of:
Front
The Primary Key
Back
When the WHERE clause contains multiple types of operators, which of the following is resolved last?
Front
logical operators
Back
When sorting the results in descending order, which of the following values will be presented first in the output?
Front
NULL
Back
Use MON in the format argument to spell out the specified month.
Front
F
Back
A foreign key always refers to a primary key in the same table. True or False?
Front
F
Back
Relationships on an ERD can only be transformed into UIDs in the physical model? True or False?
Front
F
Back
The "Arc Implementation" is a synonym for what type of implementation?
Front
Supertype and Subtype Implementation
Back
All data models MUST include generic components in order to remain flexible. True or False?
Front
F
Back
Which of the following is true?
Front
Date values are enclosed in single quotation marks
Back
The SORT BY clause is used for displaying the results of a query in a sorted order.
Front
F
Back
The explanation below is an example of which constraint type? A column must contain only values consistent with the defined data format of the column
Front
Column integrity
Back
Each section of a SQL command that begins with a keyword is known as a statement.
Front
F
Back
A table alias is assigned in the FROM clause.
Front
T
Back
No formal rules exist for drawing ERD's. The most important thing is to make sure that all entities, attributes, and relationships are documented on the diagram. The Layout is insignificant. True or False?
Front
F
Back
A(n) non-equality join is used when there are no equivalent rows of data in the tables that are being joined.
Front
T
Back
The percent sign (%) and underscore (_) symbols can be used with the LIKE comparison operator to create a search pattern.
Front
T
Back
The transformation from an ER diagram to a physical design involves changing terminology. Entities in the ER diagram become __________ , and attributes become ____________.
Front
Tables, Columns
Back
Why would you want to model a time component when designing a system that lets people buy bars of gold?
Front
The price of gold fluctuates and, to determine the current price, you need to know the time of purchase
Back
Table aliases MUST be used with columns referenced in the JOIN USING clause. True or False?
Front
F
Back
Modeling historical data produces efficient ways for a business to operate such as:
Front
Providing valuable information via reports to management.
Back
The JOIN keyword is used in the WHERE clause to indicate the tables that should be joined or linked.
Front
F
Back
A table does not have to have a primary key. True or False?
Front
T
Back
Choosing specific columns to be displayed by a SELECT statement is known as selection
Front
F
Back
In an ERD, it is a good idea to group your entities according to the expected volumes. By grouping high volume entities together, the diagrams could become easier to read. True or False?
Front
T
Back
What is used to indicate the end of an SQL statement?
Front
;
Back
How do you know when to use the different types of time in your design?
Front
It depends on the functional needs of the system.
Back
The transformation from an ER diagram to a physical design involves changing terminology. Relationships in the ER diagram become __________ , and primary unique identifiers become ____________.
Front
Foreign keys, Primary keys
Back
Which of the following commands can be used to view the structure of a table?
Front
DESCRIBE
Back
When you add the concept of time to your data model, you are:
Front
Adding complexity to your model.
Back
The SORT BY clause is used to present query results in a specific order.
Front
F
Back
Based upon the structure of the ORDERS table, which of the following is a valid SQL statement?
Front
SELECT order#, orderdate DateOrdered FROM orders;
Back
How can you write "not equal to" in the WHERE-clause?
Front
!=
^=
<>
Back
When sorting the results in ascending order, which of the following values will be presented last in the output?
Front
NULL
Back
Which of the following types of joins refers to joining a table to itself?
Front
self-join
Back
Attributes become columns in a database table. True or False?
Front
T
Back
Which of the following clauses is used to restrict the rows returned by a query?
Front
WHERE
Back
Combining the contents of two or more columns is known as ____.
Front
concatenation
Back
Generic models are generally less complex than a specific model. True or False?
Front
F
Back
In a physical data model, a relationship is represented as a:
Front
Foreign Key
Back
The SQL statement ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEES DROP COLUMN SALARY will delete all of the rows in the employees table. True or False?
Front
F
Back
Section 3
(44 cards)
The purpose of an ERD is to document the proposed system and facilitate discussion and understanding of the requirements captured by the developer. True or False?
Front
T
Back
Why is it important to identify and document business rules?
Front
It allows you to create your data model, then check for accuracy.
Back
A single-row subquery can return several columns, but only one row, of results to the outer query.
Front
F
Back
What is the default mode for the CREATE VIEW command?
Front
NOFORCE
Back
With a MERGE statement, a series of ____ actions can occur with a single SQL statement.
Front
DML
Back
Which of the following types of views cannot contain grouped data?
Front
simple
Back
Based on the contents of the CUSTOMERS table, which SQL statement will display the customers residing in the same state as customer#1013?
Front
SELECT customer# FROM customers WHERE state =
(SELECT state FROM customers WHERE customer#=1013);
Back
Which of the following functions can be used to substitute another value for a NULL value during calculations?
Front
NVL
Back
The ____ constraint ensures that any DML operations performed on the view (e.g., adding rows, changing data) will not prevent the row from being accessed by the view because it no longer meets the condition in the WHERE clause.
Front
WITH CHECK OPTION
Back
Based on the contents of the BOOKS table, which of the following SQL statements will return the total profit generated by books provided by publisher 4?
Front
SELECT SUM(retail-cost) FROM books
WHERE pubid = 4;
Back
When you resolve a M-M by creating an intersection entity, this new entity will always inherit:
Front
A relationship to each entity from the original M-M.
Back
Multiple-row subqueries are nested queries that can return more than one row of results to the parent query.
Front
T
Back
The MAX function can be used with which type of columns?
Front
all of the above
Back
Rows cannot be added to a table through a complex view that is based on a group function.
Front
T
Back
Which of the following format model elements can be used to spell out a number?
Front
SP
Back
Based upon the contents of the BOOKS tables, which of the following SQL statements will return the number of different publishers represented in the table?
Front
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT pubid) FROM books;
Back
Which of the following types of views cannot include a group function?
Front
simple view
Back
An outer query is also referred to as a(n) ____ query.
Front
parent query
Back
The ____ function is based upon the concept of a normal distribution.
Front
STDDEV
Back
If the DISTINCT keyword is not included in the SUM function, the ____ keyword will be assumed.
Front
UNIQUE
RANDOM
Back
You can determine the number of characters in a column by using the COUNT function.
Front
F
Back
The YR element can be included in a format argument of the TO_CHAR function to spell out the year of the specified date.
Front
F
Back
You must make sure all entities of a proposed system can fit onto one diagram. It is not allowed to break up a data model into more than one diagram
Front
F
Back
Which of the following is true about supertypes and subtypes?
Front
Subtypes inherit the relationships and attributes of the supertype (*)
Back
Which of the following describes a type of view that is based on a subquery that retrieves or derives data from one or more tables, and may also contain functions or grouped data?
Front
complex view
Back
The default keyword for group functions is ____.
Front
ALL
Back
If it is possible for a subquery to return a NULL value to the outer query for comparison, the ____ function should be used to substitute an actual value for the NULL.
Front
NVL
Back
With the following data in Employees (last_name, commission_pct, manager_id) what is the result of the following statement?
DATA:
King, null, null
Kochhar, null, 100
Vargas, null, 124
Zlotkey, .2, 100
Front
King, -1
Kochhar, 100
Vargas, 124
Zlotkey, .2
Back
In Oracle11g, a MERGE statement compares data between two tables and can perform a series of DML actions to assist in synchronizing the data of the two tables.
Front
T
Back
he > operator is referred to as a(n) ____ operator.
Front
single-row
Back
Group functions return a group of results per row processed.
Front
F
Back
Rows cannot be added to a table through a complex view that was created with the ORDER BY clause.
Front
F
Back
The AVG function only includes non-NULL values in its calculations.
Front
T
Back
All instances of a subtype must be an instance of the supertype. True or False?
Front
T
Back
If a SELECT statement contains HAVING, GROUP BY, and WHERE clauses, the ____ clause will be processed last.
Front
HAVING
Back
The operators =, <, >, <=, >=, and <> are referred to as ____ operators.
Front
single-row
Back
If the DISTINCT keyword is not included in the STDDEV function, the ____ keyword will be assumed.
Front
AVG
SUM
NVL
Back
Which of the following format argument elements indicates that the name of the day of the week for the specified date should be displayed?
Front
DAY
Back
A subtype can have a relationship not shared by the supertype. True or False?
Front
T
Back
Which of the following functions allows for different options, depending upon whether a NULL value exists?
Front
NVL2
Back
he subquery used to create a(n) ____ view can contain an ORDER BY clause.
Front
inline
Back
DML operations are not allowed on a view that includes the pseudo column ____.
Front
ROWNUM
Back
Single-row functions return one result per group of rows processed.
Front
F
Back
A(n) UPDATE operation can be performed on a complex view that contains an arithmetic operation.