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AP Biology: Evolution

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Section 1

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Fitness

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Biology Science

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Date created

Mar 14, 2020

Cards (31)

Section 1

(31 cards)

Fitness

Front

How well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment

Back

Lamarck

Front

inheritance of acquired characteristics

Back

Artificial Selection

Front

Humans breed plants and animals by seeking individual with desired traits as breeding stock.

Back

Natural Selection

Front

A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.

Back

Gene flow

Front

Movement of alleles into or out of a population due to the migration of individuals to or from the population. It INCREASES diversity.

Back

Analogous Structures

Front

Similar in function but not structure, like the wing of a bat and the wing of a butterfly.

Back

Bottleneck Effect

Front

When a population has been dramatically reduced, and the gene pool is no longer reflective of the original population's. It LIMITS diversity.

Back

Hardy-Weinberg Equation

Front

p² + 2pq + q² =1

Back

Nonrandom mating

Front

Individuals choose their mates for a specific reason.

Back

Darwin

Front

English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection

Back

Diploid

Front

having two sets of chromosomes

Back

The Founder Effect

Front

When a small population breaks away from a larger one to colonize a new area, it is most likely not genetically representative of the original larger population.

Back

Convergent Evolution

Front

The process by which unrelated species become more similar as they adapt to the same kind of environment

Back

Haploid

Front

Cell that has half the number of chromosomes as body cells

Back

Adaptive evolution

Front

An evolutionary process that is directed by natural selection, which makes a population better adapted to live in an environment.

Back

Disruptive Selection

Front

Increases the extreme types in a population at the expense of intermediate forms. Over great lengths of time, disruptive selection may result in the formation of two new species.

Back

Gene Pool

Front

All of the alleles in all the individuals that make up a population

Back

Genetic Drift

Front

A change in the gene pool of a population due to chance. It LIMITS diversity.

Back

Independent Assortment

Front

the law by which genes on different chromosomes are inherited independently of each other

Back

Heterozygous

Front

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait

Back

Homologous Structures

Front

Structures that come from the same ancestor...have a common origin and reflect a common ancestry.

Back

Mutations

Front

Random errors in gene replication that lead to a change in the sequence of nucleotides. The source of all genetic diversity.

Back

Crossing over

Front

Nonsister chromatids exchanging DNA segments.

Back

Macroevolution

Front

Evolution on a large scale extending over geologic era and resulting in the formation of new taxonomic groups

Back

Heterozygote advantage

Front

greater reproductive success of heterozygous individuals compared with homozygotes; tends to preserve variation in a gene pool

Back

Homozygous

Front

Having two identical alleles for a particular gene

Back

Directional Selection

Front

Natural selection in which individuals at one end of the phenotypic range survive or reproduce more successfully than do other individuals.

Back

Microevolution

Front

Change in allele frequencies in a population over generations.

Back

Random Fertilization

Front

The combination of each unique sperm with each each unique egg

Back

Stabilizing Selection

Front

Natural selection in which intermediate phenotypes survive or reproduce more successfully than do extreme phenotypes.

Back

Linnaeus

Front

Invented binomial nomenclature

Back