Logo

Go on. Explore!

lvl 0 • 0 xp

lvl 1

HomeMarketDecksInterests
PAD. - Math 133 Chapters 1 & 3

PAD. - Math 133 Chapters 1 & 3

memorize.aimemorize.ai (lvl 286)
Star 0%
Star 0%
Star 0%
Star 0%
Star 0%
(0)
(0)
(0)
29 cards
()
Section 1

Preview this deck

A discrete variable

Front

1 / 29

iOS Dev
Star 0%
Star 0%
Star 0%
Star 0%
Star 0%

0.0

0 reviews

5
0
4
0
3
0
2
0
1
0

Active users

0

All-time users

0

Favorites

0

Last updated

7 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (29)

Section 1

(29 cards)

A discrete variable

Front

is a quantitative variable that has either a finite number of possible values or a countable number of possible values. The term countable means that the values result from counting, such as 0, 1, 2, 3, and so on. A discrete variable cannot take on every possible value between any two possible values.

Back

data,

Front

which the American Heritage Dictionary defines as "a fact or proposition used to draw a conclusion or make a decision." Data can be numerical, as in height, or nonnumerical, as in gender. In either case, data describe characteristics of an individual.

Back

A continuous variable

Front

is a quantitative variable that has an infinite number of possible values that are not countable. A continuous variable may take on every possible value between any two values.

Back

Variables

Front

are the characteristics of the individuals within the population.

Back

A discrete variable

Front

is a quantitative variable that has either a finite number of possible values or a countable number of possible values. The term countable means that the values result from counting, such as 0, 1, 2, 3, and so on. A discrete variable cannot take on every possible value between any two possible values.

Back

A variable is at the ratio level of measurement

Front

if it has the properties of the interval level of measurement and the ratios of the values of the variable have meaning. A value of zero means the absence of the quantity. Arithmetic operations such as multiplication and division can be performed on the values of the variable.

Back

Qualitative, or categorical, variables

Front

allow for classification of individuals based on some attribute or characteristic.

Back

A variable is ratio

Front

if the values of the variable name, label, or categorize. In addition, the naming scheme does not allow for the values of the variable to be arranged in a ranked or specific order. A value of zero means the absence of the quantity. Arithmetic operations such as multiplication and division can be performed on the values of the variable.

Back

A parameter

Front

is a numerical summary of a population.

Back

A variable is at the

Front

interval level of measurement if it has the properties of the ordinal level of measurement and the differences in the values of the variable have meaning. A value of zero does not mean the absence of the quantity. Arithmetic operations such as addition and subtraction can be performed on values of the variable.

Back

A continuous variable

Front

is a quantitative variable that has an infinite number of possible values that are not countable. A continuous variable may take on every possible value between any two values.

Back

A variable is at the

Front

ordinal level of measurement if it has the properties of the nominal level of measurement, however the naming scheme allows for the values of the variable to be arranged in a ranked or specific order.

Back

A variable is at the

Front

nominal level of measurement if the values of the variable name, label, or categorize. In addition, the naming scheme does not allow for the values of the variable to be arranged in a ranked or specific order.

Back

Quantitative variables Solution

Front

are numerical measures such that meaningful arithmetic operations can be performed on the values of the variable. Qualitative variables describe an attribute or characteristic of the individual that allows researchers to categorize the individual.

Back

Quantitative variables .

Front

provide numerical measures of individuals. The values of a quantitative variable can be added or subtracted and provide meaningful results

Back

Explain the difference between a population and a sample. Choose the correct answer below.

Front

A population is the entire group that is being studied while a sample is a subset of the population that is being studied.

Back

Distinguishing between Variables and Data

Front

Rather than classify a variable as qualitative or quantitative, we can assign a level of measurement to the variable.

Back

Quantitative variables

Front

provide numerical measures of individuals. The values of a quantitative variable can be added or subtracted and provide meaningful results.

Back

Qualitative, or categorical, variables

Front

allow for classification of individuals based on some attribute or characteristic.

Back

Define Statistics and Statistical Thinking What is statistics?

Front

Many people say that statistics is numbers. After all, we are bombarded by numbers that supposedly represent how we feel and who we are. For example, we hear on the radio that 50% of first marriages, 67% of second marriages, and 74% of third marriages end in divorce

Back

Inferential statistics

Front

uses methods that take a result from a sample, extend it to the population, and measure the reliability of the result.

Back

The type of variable (qualitative, discrete, or continuous)

Front

dictates the methods that can be used to analyze the data. The list of observed values for a variable is data. Gender is a variable; the observations male and female are data. Qualitative data are observations corresponding to a qualitative variable. Quantitative data are observations corresponding to a quantitative variable. Discrete data are observations corresponding to a discrete variable. Continuous data are observations corresponding to a continuous variable.

Back

The Process of Statistics

Front

1. Identify the research objective. A researcher must determine the question(s) he or she wants answered. The question(s) must clearly identify the population that is to be studied. 2. Collect the data needed to answer the question(s) posed in (1). Conducting research on an entire population is often difficult and expensive, so we typically look at a sample. This step is vital to the statistical process, because if the data are not collected correctly, the conclusions drawn are meaningless. Do not overlook the importance of appropriate data collection. 3. Describe the data. Descriptive statistics allow the researcher to obtain an overview of the data and can help determine the type of statistical methods the researcher should use. 4. Perform inference. Apply the appropriate techniques to extend the results obtained from the sample to the population and report a level of reliability of the results.

Back

Distinguishing between Discrete and Continuous Variables A variable is discrete if its value results from counting. A variable is continuous if its value is measured.

Front

a) The number of heads obtained by flipping a coin five times is a discrete variable because we can count the number of heads obtained. The possible values of this discrete variable are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. (b) The number of cars that arrive at a McDonald's drive-thru between 12:00 P.M. and 1:00 P.M. is a discrete variable because we find its value by counting the cars. The possible values of this discrete variable are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on. Notice that this number has no upper limit. (c) The distance traveled is a continuous variable because we measure the distance (miles, feet, inches, and so on).

Back

Statistics

Front

Statistics is the science of​ collecting, organizing,​ summarizing, and analyzing information to draw a conclusion and answer questions. In​ addition, statistics is about providing a measure of confidence in any conclusions.

Back

A statistic

Front

is a numerical summary of a sample.

Back

Anecdotal

Front

means that the information being conveyed is based on casual observation, not scientific research.

Back

Determining the Level of Measurement of a Variable Problem For each of the following variables, determine the level of measurement. (a) Gender (b) Temperature (c) Number of days during the past week that a college student studied (d) Letter grade earned in your statistics class Approach For each variable, we ask the following: Does the variable simply categorize each individual? If so, the variable is nominal. Does the variable categorize and allow ranking of each value of the variable? If so, the variable is ordinal. Do differences in values of the variable have meaning, but a value of zero does not mean the absence of the quantity? If so, the variable is interval. Do ratios of values of the variable have meaning and there is a natural zero starting point? If so, the variable is ratio.

Front

Solution (a) Gender is a variable measured at the nominal level because it only allows for categorization of male or female. Plus, it is not possible to rank gender classifications. (b) Temperature is a variable measured at the interval level because differences in the value of the variable make sense. For example, 70°F 70 degrees cap f is 10°F 10 degrees cap f warmer than 60°F. 60 degrees cap f. Notice that the ratio of temperatures does not represent a meaningful result. For example, 60°F 60 degrees cap f is not twice as warm as 30°F. 30 degrees cap f. In addition, 0°F 0 degrees cap f does not represent the absence of heat. (c) Number of days during the past week that a college student studied is measured at the ratio level, because the ratio of two values makes sense and a value of zero has meaning. For example, a student who studies four days studies twice as many days as a student who studies two days. (d) Letter grade is a variable measured at the ordinal level because the values of the variable can be ranked, but differences in values have no meaning. For example, an A is better than a B, but A−B cap a minus cap b has no meaning.

Back

An individual

Front

is a person or object that is a member of the population being studied

Back