Section 1
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Requirements for medicated syrups
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (114)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Requirements for medicated syrups
must be stable must have long shelf life
Taste buds for bitter taste are located on ______
The outer edges of the tongue
Medicated syrups
any water soluble drug that is stable in aqueous solution; compounding
What kind of pH do most drugs have long shelf life at?
acidic pH
What if the concentration of a syrup is more than or equal to 85%?
don't need a preservative
Does syrup NF contain a preservative?
no
What is so special about acid, benzoate, and sorbate preservatives?
only kill bugs if pH is between 4-5
Why don't you want Saturated?
It has the exact amount to dissolve which you DON'T WANT
Examples of non medicated syrups
Cherry Cocoa Orange Raspberry Syrups Syrup USP
The viscosity of syrup confines it to the central portion if the tongue, preventing it from ________
Spreading and touching the bitter tastes of the sides
What is an example of a thickener
cellulose
Syrup
concentrated aqueous preparations of sugar or sugar-substitute based on sugar 60-85% sugar. thick and viscous
What is the cellulose for?
viscosity (important for physical concealment of taste)
Which non medicated syrups have acidic pH?
Cherry Orange Raspberry
What is an example of a solubilizing agent?
polysorbate 80(tween 80)
Why are syrups understaturated?
Less sugar and extra free water
What two things are the syrup stable against?
crystallization (precipitation) microbial growth
True or False Sorbitol, glycerine and propylene glycol are all SWEET
FALSE Sorbitol and glycerine are sweet Propylene glycol is NOT sweet
What is the sugar/sugar substitute that is generally used?
sucrose, which is a disaccharide
What is so special about paraben preservatives such as methyl, propyl, butylparabens?
work at pH 3-9
What can you use to dissolve some flavors?
1-2% alcohol
Stevoiside is ______
natural
Is sorbitol solution sweet?
yes
What are the components of a sugar?
sugar or substitute antimicrobial preservative flavors colorants drug purified water solvents solubilizing agents thickeners stabilizers
Which non medicated syrups have flavors?
Cherry Cocoa Orange Raspberry
What is an example of a solvent?
glycerin
Syrups may contain __________ to dissolve oily flavors mostly water
1-2% alcohol
What type of sweetner do diabetics use?
ora sweet & ora sweet SF since it is sugar free and has no flavor
What are sugars or sugar substitutes used for?
sweetness or viscosity
Use of colorant
Enhances appeal - colorants are water soluble, non reactive and color stable
Flavors prefer to use _______
Water soluble flavors
What are examples of stabilizers?
antioxidants
Does sorbitol solution have water?
Yes. If drug isn't water soluble then don't put it in sorbitol
Do flavors contain sweetners?
no, it contains synthetic flavors or naturally occurring flavors like volatile oils, vanillin
Why is the concentration of syrups so heavy?
1) sweetness 2) viscosity 3) inherent stability
Why are syrups not super saturated?
supersaturated are very unstable
What are the ingredients in senna syrup?
senna fluidextract coriander oil sucrose purified water
What are four examples of non sugar sweetners?
sodium saccharides acesulfame potassium aspartame stevia(green from plants/natural)
Nonmedicated syrups
pleasant liquid vehicle for disagreeable tasting drug, especially for children and elderly - contains NO DRUG and used for compounding
Senna syrup comes from
senna beans soak in alcohol extracts ——> sennosides (active ingredient)
What is the syrup NF pH?
7
What does sugar usp contain?
no flavor or preservative only sugar and water
What are examples of nonsugars?
sorbitol, glycerine, propylene glycol
Why don't you want over saturated?
Not enough water is over saturated or supper saturated Sugar could fall out or precipitate
What are nonglycogenetic substances?
celluloses such as methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose plus artificial sweeteners for diabetic patients
Senna fluid extract
drug from sennoside bean
What if the concentration of a syrup is less than 85%?
need a preservative
Senna syrup is a ____ which is a powerful laxative that makes you happy
cathartic
How much sorbitol is in sorbitol solution?
64
What are the two subsets of sugars?
medicated nonmedicated
Section 2
(50 cards)
Do elixirs need preservatives?
No
Digoxin is _______ in water and soluble in dilute alcohol solution
insoluble
magnesium carbonate use
1) basic pH (to dissolve acidic resins in tolu) 2) adsorbent, better dissolution and filtration (distributing agent)
What form of digoxin elixir should only adults use?
Capsules and tablets
sucrose use
Sugar and act as sweetener
Are medicated elixirs sweet?
yes
How much glycerin is enough?
50% or more
Magnesium carbonate dissolves in water, gives a _______ which forms a salt with the acidic tolu resins and they dissolve in the water
basic pH
What is in the alcohol for elixirs?
Drug and lemon oil
What does magnesium carbonate leave behind?
film as a distributing agent
How much alcohol are in syrups and elixirs?
Syrup-0-2% Elixir-less than or equal to 10%
Tolu basalt syrup comes from _______
plant resin (sap)
What two things does coriandor oil do?
flavor moderate pain and gripping effects on senna intestines
What are five advantages of elixirs?
Flexibility Solubility Ease of dose administration Stability Drug absorption
Digoxin elixir
Cardiotonic glycoside Very potent, poisonous at higher concentrations
Elixirs vs. syrups
less sweet and less viscous more stable than syrups (no microbial growth) less effective in taste masking Higher solubilizing power than syrups Easy to prepare
Phenobarbital elixir
For seizures Very flexible Can be used as sedative and hypnotic Can dose adjust for adults and children
______ is needed to dissolve theophylline
20% alcohol
What are the three preservatives that are cosolvents?
alcohol glycerin propylene glycol
Is there water in syrups and elixirs?
Yes
Spirits
Alcoholic or hydro alcoholic solutions of volatile substances
Benadryl elixir
Parke-Davis
what is a disadvantage of elixirs
inebriation
In theophylline elixir, what is the active drug?
Theophylline
Can digoxin be compounded into an exptemperaneous solution ?
No
What sweeteners are used in elixirs?
Sucrose (powder) Sucrose syrup Sorbitol Glycerin Artificial sweeteners like saccharin
_____ is used as cosolvent in phenobarbital elixir
glycerin
Tolu Balsam syrup use
vehicle, flavoring agent, expectorant mainly used in cough syrups
What is in water for elixirs?
Excipients
How much alcohol is needed in solution to kill bugs?
10%
Digoxin is an official elixir with _______ alcohol so it doesn't need a preservative
10%
Any undissolved resins and undissolved magnesium carbonate are______
filtered off
How do you prepare elixirs?
Add water to the alcohol bring to volume use talcum powder as a filtration aid
Tolu balsam tincture use
drug and has alcohol so it acts as preservative
How much propylene glycol is enough?
about 10% same as alcohol
When making elixirs, what filtration method may be required?
Talcum powder ;like a distributing agent
elixirs
clear, sweetened, hydro-alcoholic solutions intended for oral use and may be flavored
What are water and alcohol in elixirs?
Solvents
What are the ingredients in Tolu balsam syrup?
Tolu balsam tincture magnesium carbonate sucrose purified water
Antihistamine elixirs
Relief of allergies Mostly basic amines form salts by reacting with acid. Salts are water soluble so these elixirs do not need too much alcohol
What does oil dissolve better in?
Alcohol
What are non-medicated elixirs used as?
vehicles and used for compounding
How much alcohol do elixirs contain?
10-12%
Coriandor oil purpose
cilantro flavor moderates the pain from cramping
How much sugar are in syrups and elixirs?
Syrup-60-85% Elixir-less than 20%
True or False If you have more than one drug, you can't adjust the dose of one without the dose of affecting the dose of another
true
Why don't you extemporaneously compound digoxin suspension from capsule tablet or powder?
if the patient doesn't shake well, then there will be non uniformed distribution in bottle, leaving higher doses at the bottom which is TOXIC
What are medicated elixirs used as?
therapeutic effect of medicinal substances - commercial manufacturer
What do medicated elixirs contain?
Official and commercial contain a single drug
What does fluid extract automatically mean?
In alcohol and serves as a preservative
Section 3
(14 cards)