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Language Structure and Linguistics

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Section 1

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Decoding

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Date created

Mar 14, 2020

Cards (20)

Section 1

(20 cards)

Decoding

Front

process of translating print into spoken words in order to understand the meaning of the written letters. This primarily refers to word identification.

Back

Derivational morpheme

Front

A morpheme is the smallest linguistic unit of a word that has meaning. It cannot be divided into smaller elements. For example, the word "sing" is a morpheme. It can be a syllable, affix, or root word. Derivational morphemes can be added to a word to create another word. When adding an affix, the grammatical part of speech can sometimes change. For example, the word sing is a verb, but if we add "er", the word becomes a noun, "singer".

Back

Morphology

Front

Unit of meaning (part of linguistic structure)

Back

Blending

Front

Ability to fluidly combine individual sounds to form words. It is also used to combine onsets and rimes in order to form syllables, and it is used to combine syllables to form words.

Back

Phonemic (phoneme) awareness

Front

The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate the individual sounds - phonemes- in spoken words. It is the understanding that sounds work together to make words, and it is the most important determinant towards becoming a successful reader.

Back

Phonological awareness

Front

a "listening skill" that typically develops in pre-K. The ability to hear, think about, and manipulate sounds. When children are competent in phonological awareness, they know that: 1) sounds make up words. 2) sounds can be manipulated into new words. 3) words can be separated into individual sounds, syllables, and rhymes, and 4) words have meaning. Phonological awareness is important because if children can relate sounds to printed words, they can begin to decode and make sense of how sounds and letters are organized in print.

Back

Morphology

Front

The study of word formations. The analysis of the structure of words, word stems, and affixes. A morpheme is a unit of meaning that cannot be divided into smaller elements, such as the word book.

Back

Phonics

Front

Method of teaching reading and spelling that stresses symbol-sound relationships; it is used most often in beginning instruction. There is a predictable relationship between phonemes (the sounds of spoken language) and graphemes (the letters and spellings that represent those sounds in written language). The goal of phonics instruction is to help children learn and use the Alphabetic Principle (predictable relationships between written letters and spoken sounds).

Back

Phonology

Front

Speech sounds

Back

Idiolect

Front

The specific speech habits of an individual speaker or writer, which are often marked by peculiarities of language, grammar, or pronunciation.

Back

Semantics

Front

Analysis of word meaning

Back

Syntax

Front

How words are arranged to create meaning

Back

Concepts of print

Front

An important predictor in learning to read. It is the familiarity with print conventions, such as reading left to right, top to bottom. The direction of print on a page, the use of the spaces to denote words, and the ideas that print represents word and pronunciation.

Back

Affix

Front

A bound (non-word) morpheme that is combined with a word, stem, or phrase to produce a word. For example, combining the prefix "ad-" and suffix "-ing" to the word "join" produces the word "adjoining."

Back

Automaticity

Front

The ability to read and recognize a word or series of words in text accurately and effortlessly. Skilled readers use automaticity unconsciously or involuntarily when reading a text.

Back

Phoneme

Front

smallest part of spoken language that makes a difference in the meaning of the words. English has 41 phonemes. A few words, such as "a" or "oh", have only 1 phoneme. Most words, however, have more than one. The word "if" has two phonemes (/i/ /f/); "check" has three phonemes (/ch/ /e/ /k/), and "stop" has four phonemes (/s/ /t/ /o/ /p/). Sometimes one phoneme is represented by more than one letter.

Back

Denotative meaning

Front

The exact literal meaning of a word according to the dictionary, as opposed to the "connotative meaning," which implies a suggested meaning of a word.

Back

3 rules of the Alphabetic Principle

Front

1. letters are named with uppercase and lowercase letters. 2. each letter or group of letters (words) represents sound(s). 3. using the systematic relationship between letters and phonemes (letter-sound correspondence), you can decode English language to identify, pronounce, and spell words

Back

Onset-rime

Front

"Onset" refers to the first phonological unit, or the part of the word before the vowel (e.g., the "b" in "book".) Rime refers to the part of the word - vowels and consonants - that follow the onset (e.g., the letters "ook" in "book"). Note: Not all words have onset and rime. Teaching children onset-rime helps them decode new words.

Back

Linguistics

Front

A scientific system to study language.

Back