Human Growth and Development Quiz #1

Human Growth and Development Quiz #1

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Section 1

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Oral stage

Front

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Last updated

5 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (67)

Section 1

(50 cards)

Oral stage

Front

birth- 1 year. mouth is the source of all comfort and pleasure. Sucking and biting, using mouths as the center of gratification

Back

Progesterone

Front

Hormone of pregnancy. Maintains uterine lining for implantation, reduces uterine contractions to prevent spontaneous abortion, prepares glands of the breasts for lactation, stimulates testes to produce testosterone which aids the male fetus in developing the reproductive tract

Back

Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)

Front

causes decreased insulin sensitivity and utilization of glucose by mother. Helps to make more glucose available to the fetus to meet growth needs

Back

Preconventional

Front

4-10yrs. Child learns through parent's demand for obedience.

Back

Tubal transport of zygote

Front

transported through fallopian tube into uterus. During transport it undergoes rapid mitotic division (cleavage) zygote does not increase in size but individual cells get smaller as they divide then form a solid ball called a morula

Back

Post Conventional Morality

Front

Kohlberg. Morality of accepting democratically constructed walls

Back

Morula

Front

enters uterus on third day. Floats for another 2-4 days. Cells forms a cavity. Forms an inner layer as a mass of cells called a blastocyst. Develops into embryo and embryonic membranes. Outer layer called trophoblast. Develops into embryonic membrane (chorion)

Back

Freud's defense Mechanisms

Front

suppression, rationalization, identification, sublimation, regression, denial, displacement, projection, compensation, undoing, reaction formation, conversion

Back

Conventional Morality

Front

Kohlberg. Maintaining good relations and approval of others. Showing respect for authority and maintaining social order for order's sake.

Back

Freud's stages in order

Front

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Back

Initiative v guilt

Front

Ages 3-5. children begin to assert their power and control over the world through directing play and other social interaction. Children take initiative by planning activities, accomplishing tasks and facing challenges. Caregivers who are discouraging or dismissive may cause children to feel ashamed of themselves and to become overly dependent upon the help of others.

Back

Mesoderm

Front

true skin, skeleton, bone and cartilage, connective tissue, muscles, blood and blood vessels, kidneys and gonads

Back

Jean Piaget's Cognitive Theory

Front

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Back

Endoderm

Front

lining of trachea, pharynx, and bronchi. Lining of digestive tract. Lining of bladder and urethra

Back

Yolk sac

Front

Cavity forms in the blastocyst. Only functions in embryonic life and initiates production of RBC's. Continues for 6 weeks until the embryonic liver takes over.

Back

Formal operational

Front

Adolescents. Abstract thought, testing, logic and reasoning, cognitive maturity.

Back

Intimacy v Isolation

Front

Will I be loved or will I be alone? Ages 19-40. Erikson believed it was vital that people develop close, committed relationships with other people. Success leads to strong relationships, while failure results in loneliness and isolation.

Back

Conventional Thinking

Front

10 years to 13 years. Begin to seek approval from society

Back

Generativity v stagnation

Front

How can I contribute to the world? Ages 40-65. Adults strive to create or nurture things that will outlast them; often by having children or contributing to positive changes that benefits other people. Those who are successful during this phase will feel that they are contributing to the world by being active in their home and community. Those who fail to attain this skill will feel unproductive and uninvolved in the world.

Back

Estrogen

Front

Stimulates uterine growth. Increases blood flow to uterine vessels, stimulates development of the breast ducts to prepare for lactation. Increased skin pigmentation, vascular changes in the skin and mucous membranes of the nose and mouth, increased salivation

Back

Ectoderm Development

Front

outer layer of skin, oil glands and hair follicles of skin, nails and hair, external sense organs, mucous membrane of mouth and anus

Back

Amnion

Front

Second membrane. Thick structure that envelops and protects embryo. Forms boundaries of amniotic cavity.

Back

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

Front

Causes corpus luteum to persist and continue production of estrogen and progesterone to sustain pregnancy. Detectable in maternal blood as soon as implantation occurs (usually 7-9 days after fertilization)

Back

Fertilization

Front

occurs when a sperm penetrates an ovum and unites with it, restoring the total number of chromosomes to 46. A change in membrane around the ovum occurs to stop other sperm from entering.

Back

Preoperational

Front

Ages 2-6. Expressive language: understanding of symbols. They are ego centric. Achieve object permanence. "little scientists" experiment to learn

Back

Embryo

Front

2nd-8th week of development

Back

Sensorimotor

Front

Birth- 2yrs. Having to do with the senses. Reflexes, imitation, repetitive language, object permanence emerges following the ability to form mental images

Back

Teratogens

Front

Substance that causes an adverse effect on the developing embryo or fetus

Back

Ego integrity Despair

Front

Did I live a meaningful life? Ages 65- death. people reflect back on the life they have lived and come away with either a sense of fulfillment from a life well lived or a sense of regret and despair over a life misspent.

Back

Implantation of zygote

Front

Usually in upper section of posterior uterine wall. Cells burrow into prepared lining (endometrium). The endometrium is now called decidua basalis and becomes the maternal part of the placenta

Back

age of viability

Front

20 weeks of gestation but requires NICU to survive

Back

Germ Layers

Front

After implantation the zygote transforms into three primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm.

Back

Chorion

Front

develops from the outer layer of embryonic cells (trophoblast) and envelops the amnion, embryo, and yolk sac. Thick membrane with villi on it's surface. Villi below embryo extend into the uterine wall and from the embryonic or fetal portion of the placenta

Back

Autonomy v shame and doubt

Front

Can I do things myself or am I reliant on the help of others? 18 months- 3 years. children at this stage are focused on developing a greater sense of self-control.

Back

Vygotsky

Front

Stressed language. without language thinking would be impossible. Infant's behavior is controlled by directions of adult caregivers. Thinking and reasoning develop based on internal language or inner speech

Back

Anal Stage

Front

1yr- 3yrs. The center of pleasure is shared between mouth and the organs of elimination. Toilet training gives the child a sense of self-control and independence

Back

fetus

Front

9th week until birth

Back

Industry v Inferiority

Front

Ages 6-11. Children become capable of performing increasingly complex tasks. As a result, they strive to master new skills. Children who are encouraged and commended develop a feeling of competence and belief in their skills. Those who receive little or no encouragement from parents, teachers, or peers will doubt their ability to be successful.

Back

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development stages

Front

preconventional, conventional, postconventional

Back

Latency stage

Front

6yrs-12yrs. Sexual urges are dormant. Sexual energies channeled into more socially acceptable means of expression. Focus on intellectual pursuits. Peer relationships intensify between same sex

Back

Postconventional Thinking

Front

Adolescents develop their own moral codes based on the individual's principles.

Back

Genital Stage

Front

Begins with the onset of puberty. Physical changes prepare the body for reproduction. Awakening of sexual attraction and interest in heterosexual relationships. Child struggles for independence yet needs parental supervision

Back

What causes nausea in pregnancy?

Front

HCG is has been linked to nausea

Back

Amniotic sac

Front

formed by the chorion and amnion together. It is filled with fluid that permits embryo to float freely.

Back

Carol Gilligan

Front

Males make moral decisions based on abstract reasoning and principles whereas females are more concerned with how their decision will affect others

Back

placenta

Front

organ for fetal respiration, nutrition, and excretion. Produces hormones: progesterone, estrogen, hCG, hPL

Back

Trust v Mistrust

Front

Child learns if they can trust the people in their life. Newborn- 18 months

Back

Phallic Stage

Front

3yrs-6yrs. Associates both pleasurable and conflicting feelings with genital organs. Masturbation and interest in sexual organs. Parental disapproval for the child's preoccupation with the genitals can result in feelings of confusion and shame

Back

Identity v Role Confusion

Front

"Who am I?" Ages 12-18. teens may begin to feel confused or insecure about themselves and how they fit in to society. As they seek to establish a sense of self, teens may experiment with different roles, activities, and behaviors. Those who remain unsure of their beliefs and desires will insecure and confused about themselves and the future.

Back

Concrete Operational

Front

Ages 6-12. Apply logic and thinking. Reversibility and spatiality, classify. Socialization and rules

Back

Section 2

(17 cards)

Newborn nose

Front

broad and flat. Delicate mucous membranes and they sneeze frequently

Back

Umbilical cord

Front

lifeline between mother and fetus. Two arteries carry blood away from fetus and one vein returns blood to the fetus. Wharton's jelly covers and cushions cord vessels. Protrudes near center of placenta

Back

Infant behavior

Front

Sleeps up to 20hr/ day. first expression is of distress. Difficulty organizing behavior and will cry if stimulus is removed. Most developed senses are touch and smell. Social smile at 6 weeks

Back

Nutrition

Front

breast is best. Breastmilk or formula only for 4-6 months. Breast or formula for one year. Introduce foods one at a time 4-6 months

Back

Newborn torso

Front

Short neck, long abdomen. Bell shaped chest, swollen breast tissue, swollen genitals, large abdomen, cord

Back

Cystic Fibrosis

Front

a hereditary disorder affecting the exocrine glands. It causes the production of abnormally thick mucus, leading to the blockage of the pancreatic ducts, intestines, and bronchi and often resulting in respiratory infection.

Back

Huntington's disease

Front

a hereditary disease marked by degeneration of the brain cells and causing chorea and progressive dementia.

Back

Newborn eyes

Front

usually slate blue and can change color for the first year, strabismus (cross eyed), Nystagmus (eyes shake and can't focus) REM sleep, limited vision and is vest at 12-18 inches, respond to human face

Back

Newborn ears

Front

responds to sound, best is high pitched voice, flappy until cartilage forms

Back

Newborn Appearance

Front

head large for body, cephalocaudal development, proximal distal development, immature neck muscles, cone head, suture lines, fontanels, shallow respirations, good sense of smell and taste

Back

Newborn legs

Front

bow legged from uterine position, check for hip dysplasia

Back

Newborn Growth

Front

Lose weight first week- up to 10% of birth weight. Back to birth weight at 1 week. Weight doubles 4-6 months. Triples 10-12 months. quadruples by one year

Back

Average weight and height of newborn

Front

7.5 pounds and 20 inches

Back

Newborn skin

Front

thin, dry, visible veins. Lanugo, vernix, color change- pink from center out acrocyanosis

Back

Newborn chin

Front

receding, develops with sucking

Back

Reflexes

Front

rooting, sucking, swallowing, coughing, sneezing, blinking, smiling, grasp, moro (startle), babinski (flair toes when touched), plantar, crying, head turning, tonic neck, stepping

Back

Genotype

Front

The genetic information stored at the locus of a gene

Back