Section 1
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Oral stage
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Date created
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Cards (67)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Oral stage
birth- 1 year. mouth is the source of all comfort and pleasure. Sucking and biting, using mouths as the center of gratification
Progesterone
Hormone of pregnancy. Maintains uterine lining for implantation, reduces uterine contractions to prevent spontaneous abortion, prepares glands of the breasts for lactation, stimulates testes to produce testosterone which aids the male fetus in developing the reproductive tract
Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)
causes decreased insulin sensitivity and utilization of glucose by mother. Helps to make more glucose available to the fetus to meet growth needs
Preconventional
4-10yrs. Child learns through parent's demand for obedience.
Tubal transport of zygote
transported through fallopian tube into uterus. During transport it undergoes rapid mitotic division (cleavage) zygote does not increase in size but individual cells get smaller as they divide then form a solid ball called a morula
Post Conventional Morality
Kohlberg. Morality of accepting democratically constructed walls
Morula
enters uterus on third day. Floats for another 2-4 days. Cells forms a cavity. Forms an inner layer as a mass of cells called a blastocyst. Develops into embryo and embryonic membranes. Outer layer called trophoblast. Develops into embryonic membrane (chorion)
Freud's defense Mechanisms
suppression, rationalization, identification, sublimation, regression, denial, displacement, projection, compensation, undoing, reaction formation, conversion
Conventional Morality
Kohlberg. Maintaining good relations and approval of others. Showing respect for authority and maintaining social order for order's sake.
Freud's stages in order
oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
Initiative v guilt
Ages 3-5. children begin to assert their power and control over the world through directing play and other social interaction. Children take initiative by planning activities, accomplishing tasks and facing challenges. Caregivers who are discouraging or dismissive may cause children to feel ashamed of themselves and to become overly dependent upon the help of others.
Mesoderm
true skin, skeleton, bone and cartilage, connective tissue, muscles, blood and blood vessels, kidneys and gonads
Jean Piaget's Cognitive Theory
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
Endoderm
lining of trachea, pharynx, and bronchi. Lining of digestive tract. Lining of bladder and urethra
Yolk sac
Cavity forms in the blastocyst. Only functions in embryonic life and initiates production of RBC's. Continues for 6 weeks until the embryonic liver takes over.
Formal operational
Adolescents. Abstract thought, testing, logic and reasoning, cognitive maturity.
Intimacy v Isolation
Will I be loved or will I be alone? Ages 19-40. Erikson believed it was vital that people develop close, committed relationships with other people. Success leads to strong relationships, while failure results in loneliness and isolation.
Conventional Thinking
10 years to 13 years. Begin to seek approval from society
Generativity v stagnation
How can I contribute to the world? Ages 40-65. Adults strive to create or nurture things that will outlast them; often by having children or contributing to positive changes that benefits other people. Those who are successful during this phase will feel that they are contributing to the world by being active in their home and community. Those who fail to attain this skill will feel unproductive and uninvolved in the world.
Estrogen
Stimulates uterine growth. Increases blood flow to uterine vessels, stimulates development of the breast ducts to prepare for lactation. Increased skin pigmentation, vascular changes in the skin and mucous membranes of the nose and mouth, increased salivation
Ectoderm Development
outer layer of skin, oil glands and hair follicles of skin, nails and hair, external sense organs, mucous membrane of mouth and anus
Amnion
Second membrane. Thick structure that envelops and protects embryo. Forms boundaries of amniotic cavity.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
Causes corpus luteum to persist and continue production of estrogen and progesterone to sustain pregnancy. Detectable in maternal blood as soon as implantation occurs (usually 7-9 days after fertilization)
Fertilization
occurs when a sperm penetrates an ovum and unites with it, restoring the total number of chromosomes to 46. A change in membrane around the ovum occurs to stop other sperm from entering.
Preoperational
Ages 2-6. Expressive language: understanding of symbols. They are ego centric. Achieve object permanence. "little scientists" experiment to learn
Embryo
2nd-8th week of development
Sensorimotor
Birth- 2yrs. Having to do with the senses. Reflexes, imitation, repetitive language, object permanence emerges following the ability to form mental images
Teratogens
Substance that causes an adverse effect on the developing embryo or fetus
Ego integrity Despair
Did I live a meaningful life? Ages 65- death. people reflect back on the life they have lived and come away with either a sense of fulfillment from a life well lived or a sense of regret and despair over a life misspent.
Implantation of zygote
Usually in upper section of posterior uterine wall. Cells burrow into prepared lining (endometrium). The endometrium is now called decidua basalis and becomes the maternal part of the placenta
age of viability
20 weeks of gestation but requires NICU to survive
Germ Layers
After implantation the zygote transforms into three primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm.
Chorion
develops from the outer layer of embryonic cells (trophoblast) and envelops the amnion, embryo, and yolk sac. Thick membrane with villi on it's surface. Villi below embryo extend into the uterine wall and from the embryonic or fetal portion of the placenta
Autonomy v shame and doubt
Can I do things myself or am I reliant on the help of others? 18 months- 3 years. children at this stage are focused on developing a greater sense of self-control.
Vygotsky
Stressed language. without language thinking would be impossible. Infant's behavior is controlled by directions of adult caregivers. Thinking and reasoning develop based on internal language or inner speech
Anal Stage
1yr- 3yrs. The center of pleasure is shared between mouth and the organs of elimination. Toilet training gives the child a sense of self-control and independence
fetus
9th week until birth
Industry v Inferiority
Ages 6-11. Children become capable of performing increasingly complex tasks. As a result, they strive to master new skills. Children who are encouraged and commended develop a feeling of competence and belief in their skills. Those who receive little or no encouragement from parents, teachers, or peers will doubt their ability to be successful.
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development stages
preconventional, conventional, postconventional
Latency stage
6yrs-12yrs. Sexual urges are dormant. Sexual energies channeled into more socially acceptable means of expression. Focus on intellectual pursuits. Peer relationships intensify between same sex
Postconventional Thinking
Adolescents develop their own moral codes based on the individual's principles.
Genital Stage
Begins with the onset of puberty. Physical changes prepare the body for reproduction. Awakening of sexual attraction and interest in heterosexual relationships. Child struggles for independence yet needs parental supervision
What causes nausea in pregnancy?
HCG is has been linked to nausea
Amniotic sac
formed by the chorion and amnion together. It is filled with fluid that permits embryo to float freely.
Carol Gilligan
Males make moral decisions based on abstract reasoning and principles whereas females are more concerned with how their decision will affect others
placenta
organ for fetal respiration, nutrition, and excretion. Produces hormones: progesterone, estrogen, hCG, hPL
Trust v Mistrust
Child learns if they can trust the people in their life. Newborn- 18 months
Phallic Stage
3yrs-6yrs. Associates both pleasurable and conflicting feelings with genital organs. Masturbation and interest in sexual organs. Parental disapproval for the child's preoccupation with the genitals can result in feelings of confusion and shame
Identity v Role Confusion
"Who am I?" Ages 12-18. teens may begin to feel confused or insecure about themselves and how they fit in to society. As they seek to establish a sense of self, teens may experiment with different roles, activities, and behaviors. Those who remain unsure of their beliefs and desires will insecure and confused about themselves and the future.
Concrete Operational
Ages 6-12. Apply logic and thinking. Reversibility and spatiality, classify. Socialization and rules
Section 2
(17 cards)