birth- 1 year. mouth is the source of all comfort and pleasure. Sucking and biting, using mouths as the center of gratification
Back
Progesterone
Front
Hormone of pregnancy. Maintains uterine lining for implantation, reduces uterine contractions to prevent spontaneous abortion, prepares glands of the breasts for lactation, stimulates testes to produce testosterone which aids the male fetus in developing the reproductive tract
Back
Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)
Front
causes decreased insulin sensitivity and utilization of glucose by mother. Helps to make more glucose available to the fetus to meet growth needs
Back
Preconventional
Front
4-10yrs. Child learns through parent's demand for obedience.
Back
Tubal transport of zygote
Front
transported through fallopian tube into uterus. During transport it undergoes rapid mitotic division (cleavage) zygote does not increase in size but individual cells get smaller as they divide then form a solid ball called a morula
Back
Post Conventional Morality
Front
Kohlberg. Morality of accepting democratically constructed walls
Back
Morula
Front
enters uterus on third day. Floats for another 2-4 days. Cells forms a cavity. Forms an inner layer as a mass of cells called a blastocyst. Develops into embryo and embryonic membranes. Outer layer called trophoblast. Develops into embryonic membrane (chorion)
Kohlberg. Maintaining good relations and approval of others. Showing respect for authority and maintaining social order for order's sake.
Back
Freud's stages in order
Front
oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
Back
Initiative v guilt
Front
Ages 3-5. children begin to assert their power and control over the world through directing play and other social interaction. Children take initiative by planning activities, accomplishing tasks and facing challenges. Caregivers who are discouraging or dismissive may cause children to feel ashamed of themselves and to become overly dependent upon the help of others.
Back
Mesoderm
Front
true skin, skeleton, bone and cartilage, connective tissue, muscles, blood and blood vessels, kidneys and gonads
lining of trachea, pharynx, and bronchi. Lining of digestive tract. Lining of bladder and urethra
Back
Yolk sac
Front
Cavity forms in the blastocyst. Only functions in embryonic life and initiates production of RBC's. Continues for 6 weeks until the embryonic liver takes over.
Back
Formal operational
Front
Adolescents. Abstract thought, testing, logic and reasoning, cognitive maturity.
Back
Intimacy v Isolation
Front
Will I be loved or will I be alone? Ages 19-40. Erikson believed it was vital that people develop close, committed relationships with other people. Success leads to strong relationships, while failure results in loneliness and isolation.
Back
Conventional Thinking
Front
10 years to 13 years. Begin to seek approval from society
Back
Generativity v stagnation
Front
How can I contribute to the world? Ages 40-65. Adults strive to create or nurture things that will outlast them; often by having children or contributing to positive changes that benefits other people. Those who are successful during this phase will feel that they are contributing to the world by being active in their home and community. Those who fail to attain this skill will feel unproductive and uninvolved in the world.
Back
Estrogen
Front
Stimulates uterine growth. Increases blood flow to uterine vessels, stimulates development of the breast ducts to prepare for lactation. Increased skin pigmentation, vascular changes in the skin and mucous membranes of the nose and mouth, increased salivation
Back
Ectoderm Development
Front
outer layer of skin, oil glands and hair follicles of skin, nails and hair, external sense organs, mucous membrane of mouth and anus
Back
Amnion
Front
Second membrane. Thick structure that envelops and protects embryo. Forms boundaries of amniotic cavity.
Back
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
Front
Causes corpus luteum to persist and continue production of estrogen and progesterone to sustain pregnancy. Detectable in maternal blood as soon as implantation occurs (usually 7-9 days after fertilization)
Back
Fertilization
Front
occurs when a sperm penetrates an ovum and unites with it, restoring the total number of chromosomes to 46. A change in membrane around the ovum occurs to stop other sperm from entering.
Back
Preoperational
Front
Ages 2-6. Expressive language: understanding of symbols. They are ego centric. Achieve object permanence. "little scientists" experiment to learn
Back
Embryo
Front
2nd-8th week of development
Back
Sensorimotor
Front
Birth- 2yrs. Having to do with the senses. Reflexes, imitation, repetitive language, object permanence emerges following the ability to form mental images
Back
Teratogens
Front
Substance that causes an adverse effect on the developing embryo or fetus
Back
Ego integrity Despair
Front
Did I live a meaningful life? Ages 65- death. people reflect back on the life they have lived and come away with either a sense of fulfillment from a life well lived or a sense of regret and despair over a life misspent.
Back
Implantation of zygote
Front
Usually in upper section of posterior uterine wall. Cells burrow into prepared lining (endometrium). The endometrium is now called decidua basalis and becomes the maternal part of the placenta
Back
age of viability
Front
20 weeks of gestation but requires NICU to survive
Back
Germ Layers
Front
After implantation the zygote transforms into three primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm.
Back
Chorion
Front
develops from the outer layer of embryonic cells (trophoblast) and envelops the amnion, embryo, and yolk sac. Thick membrane with villi on it's surface. Villi below embryo extend into the uterine wall and from the embryonic or fetal portion of the placenta
Back
Autonomy v shame and doubt
Front
Can I do things myself or am I reliant on the help of others? 18 months- 3 years. children at this stage are focused on developing a greater sense of self-control.
Back
Vygotsky
Front
Stressed language. without language thinking would be impossible. Infant's behavior is controlled by directions of adult caregivers. Thinking and reasoning develop based on internal language or inner speech
Back
Anal Stage
Front
1yr- 3yrs. The center of pleasure is shared between mouth and the organs of elimination. Toilet training gives the child a sense of self-control and independence
Back
fetus
Front
9th week until birth
Back
Industry v Inferiority
Front
Ages 6-11. Children become capable of performing increasingly complex tasks. As a result, they strive to master new skills. Children who are encouraged and commended develop a feeling of competence and belief in their skills. Those who receive little or no encouragement from parents, teachers, or peers will doubt their ability to be successful.
Back
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development stages
Front
preconventional, conventional, postconventional
Back
Latency stage
Front
6yrs-12yrs. Sexual urges are dormant. Sexual energies channeled into more socially acceptable means of expression. Focus on intellectual pursuits. Peer relationships intensify between same sex
Back
Postconventional Thinking
Front
Adolescents develop their own moral codes based on the individual's principles.
Back
Genital Stage
Front
Begins with the onset of puberty. Physical changes prepare the body for reproduction. Awakening of sexual attraction and interest in heterosexual relationships. Child struggles for independence yet needs parental supervision
Back
What causes nausea in pregnancy?
Front
HCG is has been linked to nausea
Back
Amniotic sac
Front
formed by the chorion and amnion together. It is filled with fluid that permits embryo to float freely.
Back
Carol Gilligan
Front
Males make moral decisions based on abstract reasoning and principles whereas females are more concerned with how their decision will affect others
Back
placenta
Front
organ for fetal respiration, nutrition, and excretion. Produces hormones: progesterone, estrogen, hCG, hPL
Back
Trust v Mistrust
Front
Child learns if they can trust the people in their life. Newborn- 18 months
Back
Phallic Stage
Front
3yrs-6yrs. Associates both pleasurable and conflicting feelings with genital organs. Masturbation and interest in sexual organs. Parental disapproval for the child's preoccupation with the genitals can result in feelings of confusion and shame
Back
Identity v Role Confusion
Front
"Who am I?" Ages 12-18. teens may begin to feel confused or insecure about themselves and how they fit in to society. As they seek to establish a sense of self, teens may experiment with different roles, activities, and behaviors. Those who remain unsure of their beliefs and desires will insecure and confused about themselves and the future.
Back
Concrete Operational
Front
Ages 6-12. Apply logic and thinking. Reversibility and spatiality, classify. Socialization and rules
Back
Section 2
(17 cards)
Newborn nose
Front
broad and flat. Delicate mucous membranes and they sneeze frequently
Back
Umbilical cord
Front
lifeline between mother and fetus. Two arteries carry blood away from fetus and one vein returns blood to the fetus. Wharton's jelly covers and cushions cord vessels. Protrudes near center of placenta
Back
Infant behavior
Front
Sleeps up to 20hr/ day. first expression is of distress. Difficulty organizing behavior and will cry if stimulus is removed. Most developed senses are touch and smell. Social smile at 6 weeks
Back
Nutrition
Front
breast is best. Breastmilk or formula only for 4-6 months. Breast or formula for one year. Introduce foods one at a time 4-6 months
Back
Newborn torso
Front
Short neck, long abdomen. Bell shaped chest, swollen breast tissue, swollen genitals, large abdomen, cord
Back
Cystic Fibrosis
Front
a hereditary disorder affecting the exocrine glands. It causes the production of abnormally thick mucus, leading to the blockage of the pancreatic ducts, intestines, and bronchi and often resulting in respiratory infection.
Back
Huntington's disease
Front
a hereditary disease marked by degeneration of the brain cells and causing chorea and progressive dementia.
Back
Newborn eyes
Front
usually slate blue and can change color for the first year, strabismus (cross eyed), Nystagmus (eyes shake and can't focus) REM sleep, limited vision and is vest at 12-18 inches, respond to human face
Back
Newborn ears
Front
responds to sound, best is high pitched voice, flappy until cartilage forms
Back
Newborn Appearance
Front
head large for body, cephalocaudal development, proximal distal development, immature neck muscles, cone head, suture lines, fontanels, shallow respirations, good sense of smell and taste
Back
Newborn legs
Front
bow legged from uterine position, check for hip dysplasia
Back
Newborn Growth
Front
Lose weight first week- up to 10% of birth weight. Back to birth weight at 1 week. Weight doubles 4-6 months. Triples 10-12 months. quadruples by one year
Back
Average weight and height of newborn
Front
7.5 pounds and 20 inches
Back
Newborn skin
Front
thin, dry, visible veins. Lanugo, vernix, color change- pink from center out acrocyanosis