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AP World History Imperialism

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King Leopold II

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Last updated

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Date created

Mar 14, 2020

Cards (41)

Section 1

(41 cards)

King Leopold II

Front

King of Belgium who was active in encouraging the exploration of Central Africa in order to claim a colony; infamous ruler of the Congo Free State

Back

Direct Rule

Front

Ruled by individuals from the colonizing country

Back

Abed al-Hamid II

Front

Ottoman sultan who accepted a reform constitution at the start of his reign but suspended it shortly afterward, ruling as a reactionary autocracy for the next 3 decades

Back

Matthew Perry

Front

US navy commodore who in 1853 presented the ultimatum that led Japan to open itself to more normal relations with the outside world

Back

Mejii Restoration

Front

the overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan in 1868, restoring power to the emperor Meiji

Back

Ideology of Empire

Front

Justification of Imperialism with the feeling of superiority and obligation to "civilize"

Back

British East India Company

Front

Indirectly ruled over India after being granted a royal charter to formally pursue trade; eventually became heavily involved in political and military life in India until 1857 when the British Government took direct control

Back

Rubber

Front

The main economic commodity in the Congo Free State as demand for rubber products, such as cars and bicycles, increased in Europe

Back

Nationalism

Front

Intense patriotism towards your country; desire to demonstrate power and prestige through Imperialism

Back

Geopolitical

Front

Need to balance of power so that one country does not get too powerful

Back

Motives for Imperialism

Front

Economic, Nationalism, Geopolitical, Exploration, & Ideology of Empire

Back

"Jewel in the Crown"

Front

the British colony of India- so called because of its importance in the British empire, both as a supplier of raw materials and as a market for British trade goods

Back

Russo-Japanese War

Front

ending in a Japanese victory, this war established Japan as a formidable military competitor in E. Asia and precipitated the Russian Revolution of 1905

Back

Hostage System

Front

Practice used in the Congo Free State where the wives of rubber collectors were held captive until their husbands collected their quota of rubber

Back

Tokugawa Japan

Front

rulers of Japan from 1600-1868

Back

Taiping Uprising

Front

massive Chinese rebellion that devastated much of China between 1850 and 1864; it was based on the millenarian teachings of Hong Xiuquan

Back

Revolutions of 1848

Front

Democratic and nationalist revolutions that swept across Europe, but the revolutions failed. Conservative governments now want to retain control by being as strong as possible

Back

Boxer Uprising

Front

rebellion led by Chinese militia organizations in which large numbers of Europeans and Chinese Christians were killed; 1899-1901

Back

Battle of Adwa

Front

(1896) Battle in which the Ethiopians defeated Italian colonial forces;

Back

Young Ottomans

Front

group of would-be reformers in the mid-19th c. Ottoman Empire that included lower-level officials, military officers and writers; they urged the extension of Westernizing reforms to the political system

Back

Scramble for Africa

Front

Sudden wave of conquests in Africa by European powers in the 1880s and 1890s. Britain obtained most of eastern Africa, France most of northwestern Africa. Other countries (Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and Spain) acquired lesser amounts.

Back

Queen Victoria

Front

After the Sepoy Mutiny, was named the "Empress of India"

Back

Sepoy

Front

Indian soldiers hired by the British

Back

Menelik II

Front

Emperor of Ethiopia who played Italians, British, and French against each other while buying weapons from France and Russia. In the Battle of Adowa, Ethiopian forces successfully defeated the Italians and maintained their independence.

Back

Unification of Italy & Germany

Front

Both countries were established in the late 1800's; wanted to prove their strength through imperialism (nationalistic)

Back

Tanzimat Reforms

Front

important reformist measures undertaken in the Ottoman Empire beginning in 1839; this term means "reorganization"

Back

Industrial Revolution

Front

Desire for raw materials and new markets due to changes in technology and manufacturing that started in England in the 1750s--basis for the economic motivation for Imperialism

Back

Viceroy

Front

Governor of a country or province who rules as the representative of his or her king or sovereign; used in India

Back

Social Darwinism

Front

A social theory which states that the level a person rises to in society and wealth is determined by their genetic background; racial ideology used to justify Imperialism

Back

Sepoy Mutiny

Front

Violent rebellion Indian revolting against British rule after their bullets were greased with cow and pig fat; resulted in the transformation of India into a direct rule colony under the British monarch Queen Victoria

Back

Congo Free State

Front

A large area in Central Africa that was privately controlled by Leopold II of Belgium under direct rule. He was able to secretly treat the people of the colony very badly until he was forced to give it up.

Back

Young Turks

Front

movement of Turkish military and civilian elites that developed about 1900 and eventually brought down the Ottoman Empire

Back

Samurai

Front

armed retainers of the Japanese feudal lords, farmed for their martial skills and loyalty; in the Tokugawa shogunate, the samurai gradually became an administrative elite, but they did not lose their special privileges until the Meiji restoration

Back

Paternalism

Front

A policy of treating subject people as if they were children, providing for their needs but not giving them rights.

Back

General Act of Berlin

Front

Established rules for a colony to be claimed: 1) Could only own a colony if they possessed it 2) Need to make economic use of the colony 3) Must notify other nations

Back

Indirect Rule

Front

Rule by native rulers who are controlled by the colonizing country; "Invisible Empire"

Back

Henry Morton Stanley

Front

Famous explorer of Africa who was the first to cross the continent; he helped King Leopold II establish the Congo Free State.

Back

British Raj

Front

The name given to the period and territory of direct British colonial rule in South Asia between 1858 and 1947--from the time of the attempted Indian Revolt (Sepoy Mutany) to the Independence of India.

Back

Berlin Conference

Front

(1884-1885) During European Imperialism, various European leaders met in Berlin, Germany to discuss plans for dividing Africa peacefully. These leaders had little regard for African independence, and had no representation for native Africans. This began the process of imperializing Africa.

Back

Opium Wars

Front

2 wars fought between W. powers and China after China tried to restrict the importation of foreign goods, especially this product, China lost both wars and was forced to make major concessions

Back

Imperialism

Front

The deliberate process of economic, political, and sociocultural domination over peoples by other nations

Back