1. Dialect diversity
2. Differences in registers
3. Differences in language
Back
Expressive Language
Front
refers to a child's production of language to communicate
Back
• Dialect
Front
specialized variations of a language
Back
3. Syntactic Knowledge
Front
the knowledge of how words can be combined in meaningful sentences, phrases or utterances
Back
Code mixing
Front
(language mixing) may reflect the parents use of the two languages
Back
Mediation
Front
an interaction pattern in which an adult focuses on simplifying the learning stimulus or task to facilitate the language interaction with, and comprehension by, a child
Back
Linguistic scaffolding
Front
language used to support a child's attempts to communicate; may involve questioning, expansion, and/or repetition
Back
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Front
the way we think and view the world is determined by language.
Back
Morpheme
Front
smallest unit of meaning in language
Back
2. Semantic Knowledge
Front
refers to the word labels that specify concepts and also to the semantic networks or schemata that represent the interrelations between concepts
Back
Phonemes
Front
smallest linguistic unit of a sound which is combined with other phonemes to form words
Back
Accommodation
Front
the process in which a current cognitive structure or schema is changed to incorporate a new concept.
Back
Sociolinguistics
Front
relationship between linguistic behavior and social situations, roles, and functions.
Back
Five quality features in parents language interaction with children
Front
1. Language Diversity
2. Feedback tone
3. Symbolic emphasis
4. Guidance Style
5. Responsiveness
Back
Underextension
Front
when a label or word is inappropriately restricted or limited in referring to objects/events.
Back
Child directed speech
Front
the specific language structures and discourse patterns that adults use with young children to increase their comprehension and participation in communication; also called baby talk
Back
• Onset
Front
the initial consonant cluster of a syllable that precedes the first vowel of a syllable
Back
Verbal-deficit perspective
Front
contended that anyone who did not use English didn't have a valid language and was verbally deficit
Back
Ethnography
Front
uses participant observation in real-life settings and focuses on individuals within their social and cultural contexts.
Back
Register
Front
refers to the specific ways of using language differently in different settings
Back
Schemata
Front
abstract cognitive structures stored in human memory to represent events concepts or relationships
Back
Inflectional Morphemes
Front
bound morphemes that change a word to correspond to syntactic rules(Ex. cat-cats, Mary-Mary's hat; walk-walked)
Back
• Pidgin
Front
language that developed in response to the interaction of two groups of people who did not initially share a language.
Back
1. Phonological Knowledge
Front
refers to knowledge about sound symbol relations in a language
Back
Shared Reference
Front
When two people (adult or child) attend to the same stimulus (event or object)
Back
• Rime
Front
the vowel and any remaining consonants of a syllable
Back
Phonemic awareness
Front
a conscious awareness of distinctive speech sounds
Back
Communication Loop
Front
a circular or cycle-like exchanging of the roles of speaker and listener.
Back
Sound play
Front
occurs when children manipulate the phonemic elements and prosodic features of pitch, stress, and juncture.
Back
Phonics
Front
knowledge that alphabetic symbols(letters) are used to represent the specific sounds and words used in written language
Back
5. Pragmatic Knowledge
Front
knowledge of the different ways in which language is used in different settings and for different purposes
Back
Genderlect
Front
children learn how language is used in relation to one's gender
Back
Conventional spelling
Front
how the words are really spelled
Back
Assimilation
Front
the process of incorporating a new concept into an existing conceptual schema.
Back
Overgeneralization
Front
instances where a speaker assumes that a word follows a specific regular pattern or rule when it does not(Ex. go-goed; good-goodest
Back
Verbal mapping
Front
the interaction pattern in which an adult verbally describes the object or action in a level of detail appropriate to the developmental level of a child.
Back
Syntax
Front
grammar of a language
Back
Receptive Language
Front
refers to a child's comprehension of words (oral or written). When a specific word is used the child knows what it refers to or represents.
Back
Prosody
Front
pitch/loudness/tempo/rhythm
Back
Simultaneous bilingualism
Front
usually found in homes where parents speak two or more languages
Back
Phonological Awareness
Front
conscious awareness of distinct speech sounds and language
Back
Additive bilingualism
Front
child's language skills are enhanced in both languages
Back
Subtractive bilingualism
Front
result of acquiring a second language results in the loss of the child's first language
Back
4. Morphemic Knowledge
Front
knowledge of word structure or how words are composed of one or more meaningful linguistic units
Back
Monologues
Front
extended speech to a listener without conversation turn taking.
Back
Successive bilingualism
Front
children acquire their second language after age 3
Back
Overextensions
Front
when a label or word is used inaccurately for referents that resemble the appropriate referent in some way; for example, labeling all vehicles "trucks."
Back
Code switching
Front
conscious and deliberate use of two languages within the same sentence or from one sentence to another
Back
• Creole
Front
when a pidgin language has been used across two generations. So that children of initial speakers learn to speak it they acquire the new language as their "mother tongue."
Back
Mean length of utterances
Front
a unit that measures the length and complexity of an utterance by counting the number of words and the number of grammatical markings.
Back
Section 2
(23 cards)
Hertz
Front
measurement for pitch.
Back
The order of which children learn to read
Front
1. Alphabet knowledge
2. Beginning consonant awareness
3. Concept of word in text
4. Spelling with beginning and ending consonants
5. Phoneme segmentation
6. Word recognition
7. Contextual reading ability
Back
Sensorineural hearing loss
Front
hearing loss that is associated with the structures in the inner ear.
Back
Articulation disorders
Front
when a child's speech at age 3 cannot usually be understood by an unfamiliar adult.
Back
Portfolios
Front
way of organizing the documents from various assessments, and they are implemented differently at each grade level. A major challenge is the amount of information, but they show growth and development.
Back
Parent pragmas
Front
involve specific arrangements and organization
Back
Speech language impairment (SLI)
Front
used to refer to a child who's language development is substantially below age level and is not associated with any specific cause.
Back
Cleft palate
Front
when the roof of the mouth does not join correctly.
Back
Restrictive lingual frenulum
Front
occurs when the fold of membrane at the midline of the tongue's underside is too short. (tongue-tie)
Back
Anaphoric reference
Front
a term used to describe the way a pronoun refers back to a preceding noun
Back
Delayed language
Front
implies that the child is developing language but at a slower pace.
Back
Congenital hearing loss
Front
hearing losses that are identified during early infancy.
Back
Stuttering
Front
involuntary repetition of isolated sounds or syllables, prolonged speech sounds, or a complete halt in the flow of speech.
Back
Ankyloglossia
Front
the medical term for the congenital condition resulting in tongue-tie.
Back
Derivational morphemes
Front
bound morphemes used with word stems that change the way a specific word functions in a sentence
Back
Inflectional morphemes
Front
distinguish between regular and irregular words. "go" and "goed"
Back
Conductive hearing loss
Front
hearing loss that is situated in the physiology of the middle ear.
Back
Fluency disorder
Front
characterized by interruptions or repetitions in the flow of speech.
Back
Decibels
Front
the measurement for loudness
Back
Diagnostic testing
Front
specify areas of difficulty, and are used for planning and intervention program
Back
Spectrum disorder
Front
each child may be affected differently and with different levels of severity.
Back
Autism
Front
complex neurological disorder that affects not only communication but other areas of development as well.