Section 1
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What are factors that favor rust?
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Last updated
6 years ago
Date created
Mar 14, 2020
Cards (52)
Section 1
(50 cards)
What are factors that favor rust?
genetic improvement; fire control yields; intensive site preparation; nurseries surrounded by oak yield infected stock
What form two or four weeks after the uredinia are formed in late spring/ early summer?
telial columns form
What is the teliospore stage?
sexual overwintering
What stage do the rust fungi get its color from?
urediniospores
What is the means of dispersal for basidia?
wind
Does mortality occur on seedling and young saplings that have fusiform rust?
yes
What are cronartium bushes?
multiple infections cause multiple galls that cause terminal necrosis
What form two or three weeks after oak leaves are infected?
uredinia form on the underside
Why are trees more susceptible to fire after being infected with fusiform rust fungi?
oils and terpenes are increased in the gall tissue
Where are spermogonia and aecia produced?
same host species for heteroecious rust fungi
What are the five spore stages of rust fungi?
basidiospores; spermatia; aeciospores; urediospores; teliospores
What is a heteroecious?
spore stages produced on two taxonomically different host
What happens to branches of white pine blister rust trees?
flagging and canker development
What occurs after successful fertilization?
aecia appear and the gall breaks through in early spring as orange-yellow blisters
What happens to needles with white pine blister rust infects?
chlorosis and necrosis
Does telia disperse?
No it forms basidia
When are spermogonia produced on galls?
two years after the infection in the fall or early spring
Why have rust become such a problem?
exotic fungus; breeding programs reduce genetic variability; mgmt practices
What is canker rust?
white pine blister
What causes cedar-apple rust?
heteroecious, demicyclic rust fungus
What does eastern gall rust do to a pine?
creates a globose gall
What are telial horns?
long gelatinous horns where the teliospore is embedded
What is leaf rust?
cedar-apple rust
What is the term for rust fungi with all 5 spore stages?
macrocyclic rusts
What rust fungi is associated with demicyclic rust?
cedar-apple rust
How many basidiospores form after the teliospores germinate?
four
What is the primary host of rust fungi?
Telial (sexual)
What do microcyclic rust produce?
teliospores and basdiospores
What are the three main types of tree rust?
canker; gall; leaf
What happens to newly infected young needles that contract fusiform rust?
they become necrotic
What host does fusiform rust infect?
loblolly and slash
Do urediniospores reinfect their host species?
yes; repeating stage of fungus
What do aeciospores infect?
alternate host
What is the mean of dispersal for aecia and uredinia?
wind
Is the primary host always the most economically important host?
NO
How many inches within the trunk must the gall be for pruning to be too late to save the tree?
12
What is gall rust?
fusiform rust; gall rust
Which rust are heteroecious?
white pine blister and fusiform rust
Is mortality due to cankering of the trunk faster on young or old trees?
young trees
What is autoecious?
all spore stages produced on a single host
What do galls on branches produce after fusiform rust is infected?
adventitious shoots
What is the alternate host of rust fungi?
second host; doesn't bear sexual stage of fungus
What type of parasite are rust fungi?
obligate
What is a control practice for white pine blister rust?
resistance breeding
What type of fungus is fusiform rust?
heteroecious, macrocyclic
Which rust is autoecious?
western gall rust
What rust fungi have all five spore stages?
white pine blister; fusiform; eastern gall
What are aeciospores?
specialized for host transfer; don't infect host they're produced on
What is the mean of dispersal for spermogonia?
insect
What compose telial columns?
one celled teliospores
Section 2
(2 cards)