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Structure of the English Language

memorize.ai (lvl 286)

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Section 1

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gerund

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Last updated

6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (31)

Section 1

(31 cards)

gerund

Front

a verb phrase that acts as a noun phrase. it is in the -ing tense

Back

subject complement

Front

a noun phrase/adj that has the same referent as/directly modifies the subject noun phrase, and is joined to that np by the predicating verb

Back

king james bible

Front

very popular bible that contributed to the codification of english. not a very accurate translation but famous

Back

Early Modern English language features

Front

inkhorn terms from latin lexical changes from travel vowel sound shift thee/thou disappears use of "do" Great Vowel Shift-long vowels moved up in mouth

Back

Hawaiian Creole (Pidgin)

Front

stems from Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese, English, and native language influences; military influences; Chinese first, Japanese later; unique to Hawaii

Back

Old English Language features

Front

thorn 'p (th, voiced) yogh 3 (y,g) wynn |> (w) eth (th unvoiced) ash ae Scandinavian influence some latin influence alliterative poetry, kenning

Back

clause

Front

a word group that includes a verb and a subject. It can be independent or dependent

Back

broad reference clause

Front

a clause that refers to the whole sentence, rather than an individual noun, verb, etc.

Back

relative clause

Front

a dependent clause that gives us more information about the word it modifies

Back

Gullah

Front

rural areas, coastal (South Carolina, Georgia); language origins are slightly unclear, but West/Central African roots; 18thc.; usually young/old speakers because it's a home language

Back

codification of english event

Front

movements by Jonathan Swift to create language academies to reduce dialects

Back

old english event

Front

king alfred began vernacular education programs which improved literacy

Back

Louisiana Creole

Front

spoken in Louisiana, focused in the gulf areas; origin in early 1700s with colonization/settlement; French bringing enslaved people who had multiple languages;

Back

determiner

Front

usually an article that indicates both that a noun phrase is about to begin, and also something about that noun

Back

Indo-European

Front

language family that sanskrit was "discovered" to be a part of, root language for whole family

Back

norman conquest

Front

william the conqueror won the throne and brought lots of french speakers over and put them in power. 10% of population but large percentage of government and clergy. Lexical shift to french language

Back

it-cleft transformation

Front

adding "it" + "be verb" to the beginning of a clause/sentence to indicate where the emphasis should be placed

Back

appositive

Front

an optional NP slot that renames another noun and is diagrammed in parentheses after the noun it refers to

Back

vocative

Front

a word that tells who the sentence is addressed to (also called a direct address)

Back

indirect object

Front

a noun phrase that refers to the thing that is receiving the direct object

Back

noun phrase

Front

made up of a headword, which is the main noun of the phrase, and possibly a determiner or an adjective as well

Back

verner's law

Front

if the accent is not on the vowel right before the fricative in IE, it became voiced in Germanic

Back

Ruthwell Cross

Front

statue of Jesus on the cross with a poem carved into the cross using the runic alphabet

Back

caedmon's hymn

Front

old english poem

Back

Middle English language features

Front

dialects lexical changes as french takes off thorn ('p 3) and yogh present, wynn eth ash gone case disappears end rhyme in poetry

Back

grimm's law

Front

proposal that voiceless stops in the Indo-European language became fricatives in the German Langauge

Back

Statute of Pleading

Front

law that declared legal cases should be tried in English not French

Back

thorn

Front

'p represented the voiced "th", present in OE and for a while ME

Back

Kurgan hypothesis

Front

identified the info-european homeland

Back

early modern english event

Front

great vowel shift-a gradual, unexplained shift where the pronunciation of long vowels moved up in the mouth

Back

middle english event

Front

william the conquerer put french speakers in power so government/clergy words shifted towards french

Back