Go on. Explore!

lvl 0 • 0 xp

lvl 1

Home Market Decks Interests

Solutions, Syrups, Elixirs

memorize.ai (lvl 286)

(0)

30 cards

()

Section 1

Preview this deck

Advantages of Oral Solutions

Front

1 / 30

Elixir

0.0

0 reviews

5			0
4			0
3			0
2			0
1			0

Active users

All-time users

Favorites

Last updated

6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (30)

Section 1

(30 cards)

Advantages of Oral Solutions

Front

ease of admin (for pediatric patients and others with difficulty swallowing) ease of dosage adjustment (use oral syringe or other acceptable measuring device) optimum bioavailability (dissolution step is bypassed, usually fastest and greatest extent of absorption) inc feasibility with bulk powders

Back

Non-medicated or flavored syrups

Front

concen, aqueous vehicle containing a sugar or sugar-substitute vehicles for medicated substances to be added during compounding

Back

Fluid Extract

Front

liquid prep of a vegetable drug which contains alcohol as a preservative, solvent, or both

Back

Medicated syrups

Front

syrup containing one or more therapeutci agents water-soluble drug substances that are stable in aqueous solns can be formulated as medicated syrups always check compatibility (esp if syrup contains other flavorants/colorants)

Back

Aromatic Water

Front

aqueous solution of a volatile/aromatic substance

Back

Tincture

Front

alcoholic or hydro-alcoholic soln prepared from vegetable material or a chem substance

Back

Solubility can be inc by

Front

chemical mod (use salt form to inc polarity) co-solvency: inc hydrophobic characteristics of solvent in an aqueous soln through addition of a non-polar substance use of a surfactant, which has hydrophillic-lipophillic character forming micelles of colloidal dimension - allows water and oil-soluble active agents to be formulated in a single phase

Back

Co-solvents

Front

decrease polarity increase solubility of non-polar drugs inc drug stability little or no toxicity

Back

Non-medicated Elixirs

Front

sweetened, hydroalcoholic vehicles that can contain alcohol-soluble flavoring oils Elixirs are less sweet and less viscous than syrups and, as a result, they are less effective at masking unpleasant tastes lower sugar content

Back

Preservatives

Front

antimicrobials antioxidants

Back

Advantages of Elixirs

Front

they can effectively dissolve both water-soluble and alcohol-soluble components can be prepared by simple solution many elixirs are self-preserving due to their ethyl alcohol content (>15%)

Back

Rate of solution can be inc by

Front

inc temp - rate of solution usually increase, and once the temp is returned to normal, solubility is unchanged inc agitation - shake or stir the soln more vigorously so that contact btwn the solute and fresh solvent is inc reduced particle size - use communition in a mortar and pestle to inc surface area of the solid to be dissolved

Back

Propylene glycol

Front

solvent like glycerin: viscous, miscible with water and alcohol and an effective wetting agent used as a glycerin substitue

Back

Antimicrobial preservatives

Front

benzoic acid (0.1-0.2%), sodium benzoate (0.1-0.2%), and combinations of methyl-, ethyl-, and propylparabens (0.1% total) can be used to preserve the free water portions of syrups ethyl alcohol is not present in concentrations high enough for preservation (15-20%)

Back

Glycerin

Front

solvent also known as glycerol Glycerin, USP is miscible with both water and ethyl alcohol usually slowly soluble due to high viscosity (unless heated) glycerin is viscous, sweet, and an effective wetting agent for some extemporaneously compounded preparations has some preservative qualities

Back

Medicated Elixirs

Front

elixirs containing one or more therapeutic agents water-soluble and alcohol-soluble drug substances that are stable in hydroalcoholic solutions can be formulated as medicated elixirs

Back

Spirit

Front

alcoholic or hydro-alcoholic soln of a volatile substance

Back

Oral Solutions

Front

solutions are liquid preparations that contain one or more chem substances dissolved in a suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents

Back

Pharmaceutical ingredients

Front

excipients are employed in oral solutions for color, sweetness, flavor, and as buffers and preservatives solubility and stability data for the drug substance and pharmaceutical ingredients in the solvent of solvents are esp important for formulation or oral solutions

Back

For elixir preparation

Front

add water solution to alcoholic solution to prevent separation

Back

Sucrose Syrups

Front

Syrup, NF contains eighty-five percent sucrose, also known as simple sugar most syrups contain sucrose as the sweetener because it gives both a sweet taste and high viscosity Syrup, NF does not require a preservative because it is so concentrated that there is not enough "free water" available to support microbial growth

Back

Powders or granules for oral solution

Front

unstable drug substances may be formulated as powders or granules for reconstitution inc shelf-life usually stable for 7-14 days once reconstituted

Back

Disadvantages of Solutions

Front

not all drugs are stable in solution not all drugs are soluble in a solvent fit for human consumption subject to compliance, or patients admin, errors bad taste

Back

Syrups usually contain

Front

purified water, sugar or sugar substitiute, antimicrobial preservatives, flavorants and colorants may also contain other solvents (alcohol), stabilizers, and/or thickeners

Back

Ethyl Alcohol

Front

solvent also known as ethanol Alcohol, USP is between 94.9 and 96% Dehydrated Alcohol, USP contains not less than 99.5% of ethanol Diluted alcohol, NF is made from equal volumes of Alcohol, USP and Purified Water, USP

Back

Elixir

Front

sweetnened hydro-alcoholic solution

Back

Syrups

Front

aqueous solution containing high concen of sugar

Back

Buffers

Front

adjust pH for optimum stability or for inc solubility dec irritation

Back

Water

Front

solvents Purified Water, USP is most often used pharmaceutical solvent Purified water must not contain more than 0.001% of dissolved and un-dissolved solids ordinary drinking water (tap) not acceptable for manufacture or compounding of pharmaceutical preparations most commonly available as distilled water

Back

Non-sucrose syrups

Front

in addition to sucrose, other sugars such as dextrose (glucose) or sugar substitutes such as sorbitol, glycerin, or propylene glycol may be used thickening agents (methylcellulose) may be added to artificially sweetened vehicles to increase viscosity for use in diabetic patients

Back