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AP Human Geography Chapter 8: Political Geography VW

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39 cards

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Section 1

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landlocked state

Front

1 / 39

Geography

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Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (39)

Section 1

(39 cards)

landlocked state

Front

A state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea

Back

Centripetal

Front

An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state

Back

Unitary

Front

A nation-state that has a centralized government and administration that exercises power equally over all parts of the state

Back

Supranational Organization

Front

A venture involving three or more nation-states involving formal political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives. The European Union is one such organization.

Back

Territoriality

Front

In political geography, a country's or more local community's sense of property and attachment toward its territory, as expressed by its determination to keep it inviolable and strongly defended.

Back

Stateless Nation

Front

nation that does not have a state

Back

Scale

Front

Generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole; specifically, the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface

Back

Frontier

Front

A zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control.

Back

hegemony

Front

leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others.

Back

The Berlin Conference

Front

The Berlin Conference of 1884-85 regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period, and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power.

Back

Nation

Front

Legally, a term encompassing all the citizens of a state. Most definitions now tend to refer to a tightly knit group of people possessing bonds of language, ethnicity, religion, and other shared cultural attributes. Such homogeneity actually prevails within very few states.

Back

Democracy

Front

A government in which power is held by the people, who exercise power directly or through elected representatives.

Back

Nation-state

Front

Theoretically, a recognized member of the modern state system possessing formal sovereignty and occupied by a people who see themselves as a single, united nation. Most nations and states aspire to this form, but it is realized almost nowhere. Nonetheless, in common parlance, nation-state is used as a synonym for country or state.

Back

Devolution

Front

The process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government.

Back

A fragmented State

Front

A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory

Back

Multistate Nation

Front

nation that stretches across borders and across states

Back

Multinational state

Front

State that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities

Back

Reapportionment

Front

Process by which representative districts are switched according to population shifts, so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people

Back

State

Front

A politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government is recognized by the international community.

Back

Majority-Minority Districts

Front

In the context of determining representative districts, the process by which a majority of the population is from the minority.

Back

Centrifrugal

Front

things that cause disunity in the state (ex: political, religious, or economic conflict)

Back

Colonialism

Front

rule by an autonomous power over a subordinate and alien people and place. Although often established and maintained through political structures, colonialism also creates unequal cultural and economic relations. Because of the magnitude and impact of the European colonial project of the last centuries, the term is generally understood to refer to that particular colonial endeavor.

Back

Sovereignty

Front

A principle of international relations that holds that final authority over social, economic, and political matters should rest with the legitimate rulers of independent states

Back

Elongated State

Front

A state with a long, narrow shape

Back

Splitting

Front

In the context of determining representative districts, the process by which the majority and minority populations are spread evenly across each of the districts to be created therein ensuring control by the majority of each of the districts; as opposed to the result of majority-minority districts

Back

Gerrymandering

Front

Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power.

Back

Prorupted state

Front

A state that completely surrounds another one

Back

EEZ

Front

Under the law of the sea, an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is a seazone over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources.

Back

Territory

Front

Area of land controlled by a nation.

Back

Imperialism

Front

Control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society

Back

Geometric Boundary

Front

Political boundaries that are defined and delimited by straight lines.

Back

Capitalism

Front

Economic model wherein people, corporations, and states produce goods and exchange them on the world market, with the goal of achieving profit.

Back

Political Geography

Front

A subdivision of human geography focused on the nature and implications of the evolving spatial organization of political governance and formal political practice on the Earth's surface. It is concerned with why political spaces emerge in the places that they do and with how the character of those spaces affects social, political, economic, and environmental understandings and practices.

Back

Heartland Theory

Front

A geopolitical hypothesis, proposed by British geographer Halford Mackinder during the first two decades of the twentieth century, that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain sufficient strength to eventually dominate the world. Mackinder further proposed that since Eastern Europe controlled access to the Eurasian interior, its ruler would command the vast "heartland" to the east

Back

Federal

Front

a political-territorial system wherein a central government represents the various entities within a nation-state where they have common interest- defense, foreign affairs, and the like- yet allows these various entities to retain their own identities and to have their own laws, policies, and customs in certain spheres.

Back

Commodification

Front

the process though which something is given monetary value

Back

Boundary

Front

vertical plane between states that cuts through the rocks below, and the airspace above the surface

Back

Physical Boundary

Front

political boundary defined and delimited by a prominent physical feature in the natural landscape

Back

Multinational State

Front

state with more than one nation within its borders

Back