Periods 6, 7, and 9 Review; APUSH

AFL

union of skilled laborers formed by Samuel Gompers in 1866

1955 merge -> afl-cio

Populist Party

Economic disparity, political fairness, social equality, and workplace reform became the driving forces behind the Populist movement

Chinese Exclusion Act

1882, signed by President Chester A. Arthur.

First significant law restricting immigration into the United States.

This act provided an absolute 10-year ban on Chinese laborers immigrating to the United States.

Interstate Commerce Act

addressed the problem of railroad monopolies by setting guidelines for how the railroads could do business

helped farmers

constitutional precedent

Haymarket Riot

Violent confrontation between police and labour protesters in Chicago that dramatized the labour movement's struggle for recognition. Radical unionists had called a mass meeting in Haymarket Square to protest police brutality in a strike action.

Great Railroad Strike 1877

West Virginia, after the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad cut wages for the third time in a year

about 1,000 people had gone to jail and some 100 had been killed. In the end the strike accomplished very little.

Compromise of 1877

effectively ended the Reconstruction era

an informal, unwritten deal that settled the disputed 1876 U.S. Presidential election; through it Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was awarded the White House on the understanding that he would remove the federal troops from South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana

Turner's Thesis

in 1893 stated that America was formed by the American frontier. The Turner Thesis stressed the process of the pioneers moving the frontier line and the democracy as a result of the Frontier.

Knights of Labor

down after Haymarket Square riot

powerful labor rights body

craft + skilled

8hr workday, labor policy govt level

Vertical, Horizontal Inegration

Horizontal integration helps acquire control over the market, but vertical integration helps gain control over the whole industry.

social Darwinism

the idea that certain people become powerful in society because they are innately better

Carnegie, Gospel of Wealth

Social Gospel

the religious wing of the progressive movement which had the aim of combating injustice, suffering and poverty in society

Half-breeds

Patrongage reform

'new" immigrants

1880s-1920

immigrants from southern and eastern Europe; Poland, Italy, Greece, Hungary

Dawes Act

Goal: assimilation

authorized the President to break up reservation land

Carver

American agricultural scientist and inventor who promoted alternative crops to cotton and methods to prevent soil depletion. He was one of the most prominent black scientists of the early 20th century. 

Eugene Debs

American socialist, political activist, trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World, and five-time candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States

Stalwarts

Stalwarts were in favor of political machines and spoils system-style patronage

Plessy v. Ferguson

separate but equal

Civil Rights Cases (1883)

combined five different cases that revolved around the 1875 Civil Rights Act

guaranteed all persons the enjoyment of transportation facilities, in hotels and inns and in theaters and places of public amusement regardless of race, color or previous condition of servitude

Omaha Platform

increase the coinage of silver and gold at a 16:1 ratio

The Omaha Platform suggested a federal loans system so that farmers could get the money they needed

The platform also called for the elimination of private banks.

Pendleton Act

patronage reform

provided for selection of some government employees by competitive exams rather than ties to politicians

Mugwumps

Republican political activists in the United States who were intensely opposed to political corruption

Jane Addams

Hull House

important leader in the history of social work and women's suffrage in the United States

Sherman Antitrust Act

first Federal act that outlawed monopolistic business practices

bans cooperation that hurt interstate commerce

Atlanta Compromise

Booker T. Washington speech

Praising the South for some of the opportunities it had given Blacks since emancipation, Washington asked whites to trust Blacks and provide them with opportunities so that both races could advance in industry and agriculture

laissez-faire

Hands-off, free mkts

Wells

American investigative journalist, educator, and early leader in the civil rights movement

NAACP co-founder