Section 1
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Mechanisms used in terrorist rehab
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Last updated
6 years ago
Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (125)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Mechanisms used in terrorist rehab
1. the role of a go-between 2. ideological tools (discussions w/ religious leaders) 3. other repentant terrorists 4. social measures (economic and social reintegration) 5. continued monitoring and support 6. emphasis on family and peers (especially the group the repentant is responsible for)
Echelon/"Five Eyes"
Intelligence sharing by the 5 major English-speaking nations. Started at the end of WW2 as a program to monitor enemy communications, evolved to target the Soviet Union/Eastern bloc and continued to grow after 9/11
Just war common condition 3: the _______ ____________ authorities must declare war
Duly designated
The conservative __________ regime made for a natural ally for AQ and provided a critical ___________ for the terrorist org
Taliban; refuge
TEMPORA
tapped directly into undersea fiber optic cables
Al Qaeda's views
"overthrow the God-less regimes" specifically focused on the far enemy (western influences) and the near enemy (Israel and the jews)
Personal involvement trajectories or "arc"
indiviuals have unique sets of issues, motivations, and attitudes that led to involvement (most are based on disillusionment or the desire for an alternative narrative)
___________ and ___________ rarely correlate in a reliable fashion
attitudes and behaviors
"Torture" (according to the US code) means:
an act committed by a person acting under the color of law specifically intended to inflict severe physical or mental pain or suffering upon another person within his custody or physical control
State
Machinery of government which organizes life in a given territory
Members of Al Qaeda urged ________________ to "obey" ___________ and refrain from giving interviews and working with the media
Bin Laden; Mullah Omar
"Malum in Se" actions are:
actions that all people, in all societies, at all times, would recognize as evil. Ex: rape, murder, theft
What/who was the far enemy and the near enemy of Al Qaeda?
Western influences; Israel and Jews
Torture in the Yoo Memo
1. the intention must be to cause pain, not to obtain intel 2. severe pain is "death, organ failure, or serious impairment of body functions" 3. prolonged means a duration of months or years 4. degrading or inhumane acts that do not cause severe pain are not torture 5. torture is considered as a "totality of the circumstances" 6. the press has war power to do whatever it takes to prevent more terrorism (Self defense would allow a breaking of the US code)
"Malum Prohibitum" means
Wrong as prohibited
"Malum in Se" means
Evil in itself
"Totality of the circumstances" in regards to torture means
one single instance of pain does not necessarily constitute torture
STATEROOM
planted bugs in diplomatic offices around the world, including the UN
Omar told Bin Laden (not to/to) attack the US
not to
What military police battalion was responsible for the abuse depicted in photos taken at Abu Ghraib?
320th
Just war theorists combine ____________ ____________ of war with the understanding that sometimes war is ______________
Moral abhorrence; necessary
Taliban's views
monotheistic org in thrall to Islamic dogma
Just war common condition 5: the price of ________ must not outweigh the price of _______
Victory; war
Just war common condition 4: the use of ________ must follow rules of _________________
Force; proportionality
Abu Zubaydah's experience in prison
He was transferred through multiple CIA blacklists and eventually to Gitmo. While he was in the blacklists, the CIA asked the Attorney General for info on techniques such as water boarding (happened to him 83 times in one month)
PRISM
communications going through major ISPs
Just war common condition 1: war cannot be simply for ____________ or ____________
Punishment or revenge
Xkeyscore
Computer program that mined and analyzed data
"Severe mental pain or suffering" means:
the prolonged mental harm caused by or resulting from: a) the intentional infliction of severe physical pain b) the administration of mind altering substances c) the threat of imminent death d) the threat that another person will imminently be subjected to any of the above
What nations are part of "Five Eyes"
USA, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, UK
Who is considered the father of the Taliban?
Mullah Omar
The US funded the ____________ (which included some of Bin Laden's followers) as support for Afghanistan against their ___________ invaders
mujahdeen; Soviet
Just War theory
Conflict should meet certain philosophical, religious, or political justice criteria ( justification under certain conditions )
Ispo Facto (re: torture)
The US follows the law, the law prohibits torture, therefore the US does not torture
AUMF says:
the press is authorized to use all necessary and appropriate forces against any person, nation, or org that he determines was involved in any way with the terrorist attack on 9/11
Just war common condition 6: War may only be used after all peaceful and viable alternatives have been ___________ and ____________
attempted; failed
The "Yogurt" Project
Al Qaeda undertook efforts to procure the ability to create chemical and biological weapons... only had a budget of $2k-4k so went no further than the acquisition of books and readings
Nation-State
A form of political org under which a relatively homogenous people inhabits a certain state ( especially a state containing one nation )
"Malum Prohibitum" actions are:
actions that are prohibited by one society but may not be prohibited by another Ex: prostitution, FGM, abortion, driving over speed limit
Terrorist rehab
focuses on re-rengaging, re-educating, and re-integrating those who have deviated from the accepted social norms and been violent
MUSCULAR
tapped into data as it moved between Google and Yahoo servers
Abu Ghraib use and timeline
Located in Baghdad, Iraq and used by the US from 2003-2006
Just war common condition 2: innocent life must be in ___________ ___________
Grave danger
AUMF stands for:
Authorization for use of military forces (against terrorists)
Challenges in the psychology of terrorism, metrics include:
time- Is the cause still relevant? distance- Where is the person? Are they still near the zone of activity? Is the war still on? perception- Has violence worked? Are victims co-religionists?
Not all terrorists hold _______ ________
radical beliefs
Abu Zubaydah
was suspected to be a) number 3 in Al Qaeda b) a personal lieutenant to Bin Laden c) knew of the 9/11 attacks in advance d) actively targeting the US for more attacks
Nation
A group which thinks of itself "as a people", usually because they share many things in common
Torture is found in ___ USC- section ______
18 USC- section 2340
A nation wants its own _______ and moves to form one
State
Section 2
(50 cards)
How many members in the GSPC?
Hundreds and rising
What percentage of Muslims are Shia?
about 15%
Sunnis believe:
anyone can lead the faith
Salafism
the basis of extremist Islamic beliefs
The Muslim Brotherhood was founded in _________ in 1928
Egypt
AQIM
Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb
4 major Caliphates in history:
1. Rashidun 2. Umayyad 3. Abbasids 4. Ottomans
AQI focused on a four pronged plan:
1. isolate the US by targeting its allies 2. target Iraqi collaborators and gov buildings 3. disrupt reconstruction efforts 4. draw the US into a Sunni-Shiite civil war
The Lesser Jihad
the outward struggle to defend Islam (this ranges from introducing non-believers to Islam all the way to terrorist attacks against non-believers)
Psalmists support _______
Jihad
Caliphate
An Islamic state run by a supreme religious and political leader
Qutb
Egyptian born in 1906, executed in 1966
The Greater Jihad
the internal struggle every Muslim feels against sin. Striving everyday to be a good Muslim.
The Armed Islamic Group (GIA) became the:
Salsify Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC)
The only way to restore the intent of Islam is through _______ _______
Sharia law
There are approximately _____ ____________ Muslims in the world
1.6 billion
AQI is primarily a _______ group
Sunni
AQI's goals
the creation of an Islamic Caliphate in Iraq
Shia believe:
leaders need to have a bloodline to Muhammad and have maintained meticulous records ever since his death
Al Banna believed that the secularization/modernization of Turkey was ________
wrong
Qutb described sharia as _________
jahiliyyah
AQIM's goals
originally: to overthrow secular government of Algeria and establish Islamic caliphate recently: a more regional and global approach more consistent with AQ (focused on North Africa, Europe, Iraq, and the US)
Quite created the idea of "takfir" which says
those Muslims not following a strict version of sharia were in fact not Muslim and therefore could be killed without sin
ISIS created a magazine called ________
Dabiq... later changed to Rumiyah
Muhammad and his followers were driven out of _______ and took refuge in ________
Mecca; Medina
Refugees and asylees are:
people who cannot return to their home country for fear of persecution or other life threatening conditions
Some consider ________ to be the sixth pillar of Islam
Jihad
Salafism is the _______ _________ form of Islam in the world
fastest growing
Refugees must undergo a ___ to ___ month screening process
18-24
al-Zarqawi's violent and indiscriminate killing of _________ created backlash
Muslims
AQI pledged loyalty to _______ in 2004
Bin Laden
The most common country of origin for foreign born terrorists in the US is:
Saudi Arabia
AQAP
Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula
Origin of AQIM
originated as an armed Islamist resistance movement to the secular Algerian government in 1992... they separated from the Armed Islamic Group (GIA) in 1998 because they disagreed with the brutal tactics being used
What caused the shift from more peaceful verses of the Koran to the more violent ones?
In Medina, violent conflicts arose between Muslims and other groups/tribes/faiths... Muhammad conquered them all, as well as Mecca
Al Banna founded the Muslim Brotherhood to:
increase the influence of Islam in Turkey (his solution to poverty and oppression)
Al Banna wanted to see Islam grow in Turkey, but in the form of _______
salafism
AQI
Al Qaeda in Iraq
Muhammad received the institutions and codes of Islam in __________
Medina
Difference between refugees and asylees:
refugees are here temporarily and asylees are here indefinitely
Leader of AQIM
Abu Musab Abdul Wadoud
Jihad means:
striving, applying oneself, struggling, and persevering (working to live Allah's message)
The original leader of AQI
al-Zarqawi
AQAP's goals
1. to overthrow the regime in Sanaa (Yemen's capital) 2. oppose the Al Saud monarchy (ruling family in Saudi Arabia) 3. attack US 4. attack western interests in the region 5. assassinate western nationals and allies
Some consider ________ the most active and lethal AQ affiliate
AQAP
AQAP involved the union of _________ and _________ branches of AQ headquartered in __________
Saudi and Yemeni branches; Yemen
AQAP was formed in _________
2009
Leader of AQAP
Abu Baseer Nasser Al-Wuhaishi
Qutb was arrested for:
plotting to assassinate Egyptian pres Nasser
The Muslim Brotherhood was founded as an:
anti colonial group to resist the influence of the British
Section 3
(25 cards)