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AP English

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Ethos beliefs or character of a group

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Last updated

6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (28)

Section 1

(28 cards)

Ethos beliefs or character of a group

Front

"commercial of a toothpaste says that 4 out of 5 dentists use it."

Back

Syntax The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.

Front

"We ate fish for dinner. versus For dinner ate we fish."

Back

Understatement the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.

Front

""It's a bit warm." (When one is sweating profusely in a sauna or traveling through a desert at midday)"

Back

rhetorical question figure of speech in the form of a question posed for rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer

Front

"Are u kidding me?; Sure, why not?"

Back

Hyperbole exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.

Front

"He almost ate the whole restaurant!"

Back

Logos an appeal based on logic or reason

Front

"The state has not produced one iota of medical evidence to the effect that the crime Tom Robinson is charged with ever took place. It has relied instead upon the testimony of two witnesses whose evidence has not only been called into serious question on cross-examination, but has been flatly contradicted by the defendant. The defendant is not guilty, but somebody in this courtroom is."

Back

Jargon special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand.

Front

"All hands on deck;He broke your ankles"

Back

Asyndeton A construction in which elements are presented in a series without conjunctions

Front

"...we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty."

Back

Analogy A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them, typically for clarification

Front

"As light as a feather''

Back

Diction the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing.

Front

"I'm not going to to show up tonight;I ain't gonna show up tonight"

Back

Parallelism usage of repeating words and forms to give pattern and rhythm to a passage in literature.

Front

"If you can't beat them, join them."

Back

Epistrophe Repetition of the same word or group of words at the ends of successive clauses

Front

"there is the United States of America. There is not a black America and a white America and Latino America and Asian America — there's the United States of America. We worship an awesome God in the Blue States, and we don't like federal agents poking around in our libraries in the Red States. We coach Little League in the Blue States, and, yes, we've got some gay friends in the Red States. There are patriots who opposed the war in Iraq and there are patriots who supported the war in Iraq."

Back

Tone A writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization on the sentence and global levels.

Front

"I'm so glad that jerk was fired; now I won't have to deal with him anymore." Vs. "It's terrible that Tony was let go; he was such a great colleague!"

Back

Synecdoche a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa

Front

"New wheels—refers to a new car"

Back

Pathos Appeal to emotion

Front

"It's the hope of slaves sitting around a fire singing freedom songs; the hope of immigrants setting out for distant shores; the hope of a young naval lieutenant bravely patrolling the Mekong Delta; the hope of a mill worker's son who dares to defy the odds; the hope of a skinny kid with a funny name who believes that America has a place for him, too."

Back

Euphemism An indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant

Front

"She's a piece of work"

Back

periodic sentence A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end.

Front

"Despite the blinding snow, the freezing temperatures, and the heightened threat of attack from polar bears, the team continued."

Back

Paradox A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.

Front

"I know one thing: that I know nothing."

Back

Anaphora repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines

Front

"Slept on a bed, slept on a floor, slept on a couch, but I never slept on myself.''

Back

Metonymy A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it

Front

"The crown"

Back

Anadiplosis repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause

Front

"Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering." —Yoda, Star Wars

Back

Zeuguma use of two different words in a grammatically similar way that produces different, often incongruous, meanings

Front

"John and his license expired last week''

Back

Polysyndeton the use, for rhetorical effect, of more conjunctions than is necessary or natural

Front

"Oh, my piglets, we are the origins of war - not history's forces, nor the times, nor justice, nor the lack of it, nor causes, nor religions, nor ideas, nor kinds of government - not any other thing. We are the killers."

Back

Thesis Focus statement of an essay; premise statement upon which the point of view or discussion in the essay is based.

Front

"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view . . . until you climb into his skin and walk around in it."

Back

Allusion A reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art without mentioning it explicitly

Front

"My friend and I were devoured so much food at the buffet that night, we thought we were Scooby and Shaggy!"

Back

Irony the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.

Front

"It's so delightful to be home with a sick child twice in one week."

Back

Colloquialism informal words or expressions not usually acceptable in formal writing

Front

"I dunno what ur talking about"

Back

Oxymoron A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.

Front

"original copy; old news"

Back