Section 1
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In what form of government does one person or a small group of people hold all of the power?
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Cards (313)
Section 1
(50 cards)
In what form of government does one person or a small group of people hold all of the power?
a dictatorship
Which is one way that people benefit from equal treatment under the law?
Each person has the same chance for a basic public education.
What is a constitution
a plan for government
Which is an example of the government promoting the general welfare?
building roads and schools
Who is the head of the executive branch in a parliamentary system?
the prime minister
In which system are all key powers given to the central government?
unitary government
Which goal stated in the preamble to the u.s. constitution does the government fulfuill when it builds roads and schools?
Promote general welfare
What were the four major compromises made at the Constitutional Convention?
the Connecticut, or Great Compromise; Three-fifths Compromise; compromise on interstate trade; and compromise on foreign trade
which best describes a dictatorship?
All of the power is in the hands of one person of few people
How can you distinguish between a presidential government and a parliamentary government?
In a presidential government, the executive and legislative branches are separate. Checks and balances exist to maintain a balance of power between the two branches. In a parliamentary government, the prime minister and cabinet are members of parliament, which results in fewer conflicts.
Who holds state power in an oligarchy?
a small group of people
Which is a legislative power of government ?
Writing laws
Q: Which is a legislative power of government ?
A: Writing laws
How did the Great Compromise resolve representation issues in the legislature?
The number of legislators was based, in part, on population and in part, on equal representation
What is the difference between a duty and a responsibility?
A duty is required of all citizens; a responsibility is only strongly encouraged. Both keep citizens involved and informed, which are vital to democracy.
Which statement is TRUE about the prime minister in a parliamentary government?
The prime minister belongs to the parliament
Which theory of the origin of the state most influenced the establishment of the political system in the United States?
the social contract theory
Which statement best describes the relationship between the people and the government in a dictatorship?
Dictators have complete authority over the people
Which is another term for the free enterprise system?
capitalism
What was the purpose of government in the social contract theory?
According to the social contract theory, the purpose of government was to keep people safe and to use power for the good of the people.
In which type of democracy is a small group of people chosen to represent a larger group?
representative democracy
In which system of government do the people have the most political power?
direct democracy
How does a confederation limit the power of a central government?
The central government does not have authority to make its own laws
Which is the BEST definition of sovereignty?
The power to decide foreign and domestic policy within a territory
Why does a parliamentary system experience fewer conflicts between the executive branch and the legislative branch than a presidential system?
The members of the executive branch are also members of the legislative branch.
why were the smaller states in favor of the New Jersey Plan?
the wanted equal representation with larger
How does American democracy balance the power of majority rule?
by insisting on minority rights
which theory proposes the idea that the state comes into being when a small group of people takes over a territory and requires other to obey its rules?
The force theory
According the the evolutionary theory, the state begins as a
Family
What is not a characteristic of a state?
a statement of rights
Under which theory of the origin of the state do the people grant a government enough power to assure their safety and well-being?
the social contract theory
In a democracy, the government rules by the consent of the
people
Which role does the government play in a free enterprise system?
It passes economic laws and regulations.
Why are there fewer conflicts between the executive branch and the legislative branch in a parliamentary system of government?
The members of the executive branch are also members of the legislative branch
What was the purpose of government in the social contract theory?
According to the social contract theory, the purpose of government was to keep people safe and to use power for the good of the people.
One classification of government is based on the relationship between lawmakers and the people who
carry out the laws
In what form of government does one person or a small group of people hold all of the power?
a dictatorship
What are the laws and goals that a government follows called?
public policies
What are the laws and goals that a government follows called?
public policies
What is the mechanism through which a state makes and enforces its policies?
A government
How are the powers of legislative branch limited in a presidential government?
The President can reject a proposed law
According to the divine right theory, how do leaders gain the right to rule?
They are chosen by GOD
In a parliamentary system, from where are cabinet members drawn?
legislative branch
Which restriction does the U.S. government place on personal freedoms?
Personal freedoms must not take away the freedom of others
That does it mean to say the US has a federal system of government?
The national government shares power with state governments
Why did the Framer of the Constitution agree to meet in private?
They did not want the public to review their ideas before they were finished
how are differences usually settled in a democracy?
By compromise
in a free enterprise system, how does competition among businesses benefit consumers?
by lowering prices
In which type of government is a small group of people elected to represent a larger group?
indirect democracy
in the US what role does the government play in the economic system?
the government enforces economic laws and regulations
Section 2
(50 cards)
Where did George Washington take the oath of office as the first President of the US?
..
What was an important argument against the proposed Constitution
It did not guarantee basic rights
The ____ outlined in the Constitution have been the foundation of the government of the US for over 200 years.
basic principles
Who was the leader of the Constitutional Convention?
george washington
Which was t he main reason that Federalists supported ratification of the Constitution?
The need for a stronger central government
The first three articles of the U.S Constitution explain
the federal government structure
What conflict did the Great Compromise resolve?
how states would be represented in congress
Which statement explains the principle of federalism?
The powers of government are divided between the federal government and the states
Why is james madison known as the "Father of the Constitution"?
He contributed more ideas to the Constitution than any other delegates
Why did the final paragraph of the Constitution state, "Done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present..."?
The leaders of the convention wanted people to think that all delegates approved the Constitution
Which is a true statement about the Federalists
They believed in a system of checks and balances
Which best explains the type of government that emerged from the Constitutional Convention?
A government in which no one branch help too much power
which statement about the viriginia plan is true
Which statement explains why George Washington was elected the first President?
He led the colonies to victory in the Revolutionary war
The Federalist Paper stated that under the rule of law
Government leaders obey the same laws as other people
How can the executive branch check the power of the legislative branch?
--
How did the courts get the power of judicial review?
through the Marbury v. Madison decision
Which compromise combined parts of the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan to make legislature like it is today
the Connecticut Compromise
Which aspect of the constitution has made it a guide for the government of the United States for over 200 years?
The fundamental ideas
Why were southern states concerned about Congress controlling foreign trade?
they relied heavily on the foreign exports of rice and tobacco.
How would states be represented in Congress under the New Jersey Plan?
They would be represented equally
The northern states wanted all foreign trade controlled by
The Congress
In which state did ratification win only by a small margin after a long struggle?
Virginia
What did the delegates finally agree to about how much power Congress would have over trade
Congress was given control over trade between the states.
What did all of the Framers of the Constitution agree to before the convention?
to work in secret
Congress can override the President's veto with
What statement about the Virginia Plan is true?
congress would choose a national executive
What issues was adressed by the Three-Fifths Compromise?
how the slave population would be counted
Why were the Anti-Federalists opposed to the Constitution?
The proposed Constitution created a central government with too much power
Which is a true statement about the Anti-Federalists
The favored strong state governments
Which statement describes the principle of checks and balances?
Each branch of government has the power to limit the other branches
What delayed the inauguration of the new government under the U.S constitution
Congress lacked a quorum, so it could not finish counting the votes for President.
What were three issues of government on which the Framers agreed?
The Framers agreed that the people should hold power in the new government, that the government should be limited, and that the principles of separation of powers and checks and balances would be part of the government.
The document that was added to the Constitution to gain the support of Anti-Federalists was called the
Bill of rights
Convention delegates from smaller states were in favor of
A federal executive of more than one person.
What are the powers of Congress that are written into the Constitution called?
Enumerated powers
the framers all agreed
that the country needed a new national government
How did northern and southern states compromise regarding the power of Congress over foreign trade and taxes?
Congress could tax goods coming into the country but not goods going out
Congress can override the President's veto with
a two-thirds majority
Northern and Southern states compromised on the slave trade by
Why did the anti-federalists insist that the Bill of Rights be added to the constitution?
To guarantee the rights of individuals
What was the connection between the Three-Fifths Compromise and taxes?
Three fifths of all slaves were counted to figure how much states owed the federal government in taxes
Convention delegates from smaller states were in favor of
a federal executive of more than one person
Which is outlined in Article V of the constitution?
the amendment process
Which statement is true about the Constitutional Convention?
Not all of the delegates were willing to sign the constitution
Under the separation of powers concept, only Congress can
Make laws
What two plans of government did the delegates consider?
The New Jersey Plan and Virginia Plan
why did thomas jefferson not attend that constitutional convention in 1787
The principle that government must follow the same rules as the people is known as
Rule of law
How can the legislative branch check the power of the executive branch?
The legislative branch has the power to approve presidential appointments
Section 3
(50 cards)
Which action is an example of how political parties have helped shape the country and interpret the constitution?
The nomination of candidates for President
When an amendment is proposed, who determines the method of ratification?
Congress
The Framers established a federalist system of government to ____
Prevent government abuses of power
which of the following is an exclusive power of the national government?
Regulation interstate commerce
Which of the federal government's powers are clearly stated in the Constitution?
expressed powers
Which president established the custom of not seeking a third term?
George Washington
After the preamble, the rest of the u.s constitution is divided into seven sections called
articles
The federal government's inherent powers are based on America's
sovereignty
What is one way that congress used normal legislation to affect the executive branch of government?
Congress set up agencies, departments, an offices
Which power is reserved for the federal government?
setting foreign policy
The 21st amendment is the only amendment that reversed an existing amendment. What did it reverse?
The ban on alcohol
In the US, the powers of local governments are granted by
state governments
The power of judicial review is one example of
courts interpreting the constituion
What was one important factor that helped pass the 26th Amendment in 1971 which lowered the voting age to 18
the Vietnam War
Which group received the right to vote in 1870 when the 15th Amendment was ratified?
African american men
Which statement describes the role of the national government in a federal system
the national govt balances the power of the states
Why do some people prefer ratifying conventions, rather than state legislatures, for the ratification of amendments?
Convention delegates better represent the people's will
Congress proposes a changes to the Constitution and state governments ratify it. This is an example of what process?
federalism
What are some of the powers that are denied to the federal government?
Powers denied to the federal government include the power to tax exports; prohibit freedom of religion, speech, press, and assembly; deny citizens a speedy and public trial; set up local school systems; and tax states or local governments.
How can congress clarify parts of the Constitution that are unclear?
by passing laws
which of the following affects the Constitution by applying and interpreting legal cases?
the courts
How is federalism represented in the formal amendment process?
a proposed amendment is at the federal level and ratification at the state level
Local governments in the United States get their powers from which of the following?
...
Why is the most widely used method for ratification of an amendment to the constitution?
Ratification by the three-fourths of the state legislatures
Which custom eventually became part of the Constitution as the 22nd Amendment?
No president can elected fora third term
How can a president send troops into combat without congressional approval?
as commander in cheif of the armed forces
The constitution's necessary and proper clause is the source of which federal powers?
Implied powers
What are reserved powers?
Reserved powers are powers that the Constitution does not grant to the national government and does not deny to the states.
Which is NOT an example of the national government's delegated powers?
Reserved powers.
What is the source of the national government's delegated powers?
the Constitution
What role does the principle of popular sovereignty play in the amendment process?
State legislatures are elected by the people, so it is through these elected representatives that the people decide whether or not to ratify an amendment.
Once a state ratifies a proposed amendment
The ratification cannot be reversed at any time in the future
The Bill of Rights is an important addition to the Constitution because it
guarantees a person's basic rights
How does article V of the constitution influence the changes that can be made to the Constitution?
It details how amendments are proposed and ratified.
Passed in 1992, the 27th amendment prevents congress from raising its pay during the same term. What is unusual about this amendment
It was first proposed more than 200 years before it was ratified.
What is a reserved power hold by the states?
establishing public schools
According to the supremacy court, the laws of which of the follow are about all others?
The constitution
Which article of the Constitution outlines how changes to the Constitution can be made?
Article V
What is the purpose of the electoral college?
To select the president and vice president
which custom eventually become part of the constitution as the 25th amendment
The Vice President succeeds a President who dies in office.
What is a republican form of government
a representative government
Which is TRUE of the exclusive powers named in the constitution?
they are given only to the national government
What are two examples of how Presidents have affected the meaning of the Constitution
the Louisiana purchase and the state of the union address
how were all federal courts below the supreme court established?
by the acts of congress
Which statement is true about the US constitution
It explains the organizations of federal government
What is the Supremacy Clause?
The Supremacy Clause is that part of the Constitution which states that the Constitution is above all other laws in the country.
Added in 1865 at the end of the Civil War, the 13th amendment to the constitution banned
slavery
The nomination of candidates for president is an example of influence of which group or entity in the interpretation of the constitution
political parties
why did congress create an expanded federal court system
Because the constitution established only the supreme counr
When an amendment to the Constitution is proposed, ___ decides how it will be ratified
Congress.
Section 4
(50 cards)
Which type of grant is the U.S Department of Health and Human services most likely to make
Project grants
Under the Full Faith and Credit Clause, what is the status of a property title?
Recognized in all states
Which statement best explains the pre-constitutional position of the original 13 states to the threat of attack?
it was not known whether all states would respond to an attack on one state
What is a reserved power hold by the states?
When congress challenged Oklahoma's attempt to move its state capital, the supreme court sided with the state. Why?
Congress cannot set political conditions on states.
In what way is the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey an example of an interstate compact?
The States Share Managemnt Of The Harbor Area
In the U.S constitution article 1 section 10 was written
to permit states to form agreements with one another
What were Texas and Vermont before they become part of the united states?
They were independent republics.
Article IV states that the federal government guarantees each state a _____ form of government.
---
What rules are states likely to have regarding a person voting or running for office?
length of residence
The ___ has upheld the protections given to citizens under the Privileges and Immunities Clause
Supreme court
A republican form of government is understood to mean
representative government.
How did a 1987 Supreme Court Decision change the policy of extradition?
The ruling allowed the federal government to force a governor to return to a fugitive
When part officials decide if a candidate is qualified and of good character, they are fulfilling the ___ position
bonding agent
Which is the BEST description of a political campaign?
all of the activities designed to get a candidate elected to public office
What is the main goal of a political party?
The main goal of a political party is to try to control the government by getting its candidates elected.
What are some of the ways in which citizens are protected by the Privileges and Immunities Clause?
Any American may travel or live in any state or use the facilities of any state; any citizen may buy, own, rent, and sell property; employers cannot be required by the state to hire only residents of that state.
Which power is held only by state governments?
establishing public schools
Why do some people dislike federal grants-in-aid programs?
they believe that federal grants in aid interfere in states affairs.
The number of interstate compacts began to grow in 1921 with creation of
the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Which is an example of cooperative federalism?
==
Article IV promises that the federal government will protect each state against
invasion and internal violence
What are some of the exceptions to the Full Faith and Credit Clause?
One state cannot enforce another state's criminal laws, and same-sex marriages are recognized only in some states.
Which of the following is true about the ability of congress to set conditions on a state seeking admission to the Union?
Congress must not interfere with a state's internal affairs
Under the Full Faith and Credit Clause, a person who is ordered to pay damages in a lawsuit in one state
cannot flee to another state to avoid payment
Which of the following best describes the meaning of fugitive?
A person who flees from justice
Which article in the constitution discusses the obligations of the national government to the states
article IV
How are national elections run and funded?
National elections are run by the states and funded with local money.
Until 1987, in cases of extradition
the federal government had the power to force a state governor to return a fugitive
Under the Full Faith and Credit Clause, a person who commits a crime in one state and flees to another
Cannot be tried in the state to which he or she has fled
In article 1, sections 2 and 3, the constitution declares that Congress
Must include members from each state
Which is an exception to the Full Faith and Credit Clause?
Same sex marriages
In America's version of federalism, power is shared
between the national government and the states
Which is an example of a document that might not be recognized in all states?
divorce decree
How did the federal government respond to rioting in Detroit in 1967
it sent army troops to help state police stop the violence
What is the final step in the process of a territory becoming a state?
Congress passes an act of admission
When writing the Constitution, the Framers gave _____ the power to admit new states.
congress
Why would nonresidents have to pay higher fees for hunting and fishing licences?
Residents pay taxes to maintain their natural resources
Why does the Constitution provide a way to make interstate compacts?
To avoid conflicts in interstate relations
Which statement regarding article V of the constitution is TRUE?
No state can be denied equal representation in the senate
The Northwest Ordinance said that any area with a population of at least 60,000 could
become a state
why did congress provide cash grants to states during the 1930's?
to help ease the economic crisis
In most states, nonresidents have to pay higher fees to
hunt and fish
The elected leaders in a representative government speak for the
people of that state
What condition was Alaska required to meet before it could become a state?
It was not allowed to claim any lands held by a Native American.
How does passage of the Defense of Marriage Act in 1996 affect the Full Faith and Credit Clause
It says states do not have to recognize same-sex marriages from another state
When elected officials support the policies and programs of their party, they are engaging in
partisanship
What are the two major parties in American politics?
Republicans and Democrats
What are grants-in-aid programs?
Grants-in-aid programs are grants of federal money or other resources to states, cities, countries, and other local units.
One exception to the Full Faith and Credit Clause is that one state
cannot enforce the criminal law of another state
Section 5
(50 cards)
what is one advantage minor parties have over the major parties
they can take clear-cut stands on controversial issues.
A person who believes that the government should take strong action to prevent unfair practices is a
liberal
When two parties work together to advance common ideas, they are engaging in
bipartisanship
Which is an example of a partisanship?
elected officials support the policies of their party
what is the main purpose of a political party?
to control government by getting its candidates elected
What major development during the debate over the Constitution grew out of the disagreement about how much power to grant the national government?
a two-party system
What important change occurred during andrew jackson's presidency
The extension of voting rights to all white males.
The Federalist Party was made up mostly of what types of people?
businessmen and wealthy people
Which party made opposition to slavery a major issue?
the Republican party (of course)
One problem that keeps voters from being more aware of minor parties and their platforms is
minor parties do not receive significant media coverage
When a significant number of citizens support points raised by a minor party's platform, the minor party is likely
to have a major party adopt some of its ideas
Who first used a donkey to symbolize the Democratic Party and an elephant to symbolize the Republican party?
Thomas Nast
What are the four different types of minor parties?
ideological parties, single-issue parties, economic protest parties, and splinter parties
Which is an example of bipartisan action?
two parties work together on common ideas
What is one reason the United States has a two-party system?
The battle over ratifying the Constitution resulted in the formation of two political parties
Which is an example of a one-party system?
A dictatorship in which only the ruling party is allowed to exist
what is one effect that minor parties have on the american political system
They take votes from major party candidates
The act of giving government jobs to supporters of the party that wins an election is called
The spoils system
how are national and state party organizations similar?
both have central part committees
The Fourth era of American political party history, which began in 1968, is characterized by
divided government
what does a platform committee do
develops policy statements
By criticizing the party that is in power, the party that is out of power serves a ___ function
watchdog
What is a minor party?
A minor party is a political party that is not supported by a large number of people.
At the local level, how are political parties organized?
by the state electoral map
why is the green party unique among minor parties
began as a single-issue party, but has grown to address other issues.
which is an example of a party acting as a bonding agent?
party officials decide if a candidate is qualified and of good character.
in the united states, minor political parties are also called
third parties
How did the democratic part maintain power in the 1930's
By providing economic relief during the great depression
How can the President influence the party's organization?
The president can unite members to work together
which is an example of the spoils system?
a political party wins an election and gives jobs to its supporters
What is a precinct?
a voting district; the smallest area where elections are held
Why is the period since 1968 called an era of divided government
No single party has held the presidency and a majority of Congress for an extended period
which is not a reason the two-party system developed in the united states
the constitution
What is the most important thing political parties look for in candidates?
someone who shares the party's beliefs
which is an example of an ideological party?
a minor party was responsible for first building support for
Voting Rights For Woman
which is NOT a characteristic of a multiparty system?
they are usually dictatorships
If a small group breaks away from the Democratic party and forms a new party more in line with its beliefs, what kind of party would it be
a splinter party
what usually happens to economic protest parties?
they fade away after the economic crisis is over
Who started the nation's first political parties?
During the early debate over the ratification of the Constitution, two different political ideas emerged. The Federalists, in favor of ratification, were led by Alexander Hamilton. Thomas Jefferson led the Anti-Federalists, who opposed ratification.
what is one advantage of a multiparty system?
Voters have a wider choice of candidates and ideas
With which of the following statements would a conservative most likely agree?
Government should be as small as possible
What is NOT a characteristic of a multiparty system?
they are usually a dictatorship
What are two reasons that political parties do not have a strong central structure?
The party not in power may have several well-known political figures competing for leadership. Also, because of federalism, parties need to concentrate on electing people for more than half a million offices and departments. A divisive nominating process can contribute to party decentralization as well.
many important minor parties have been which kind of party
A splinter party
Why was democrat woodrow wilson able to win two presidential elections during an era of republican party control
republican support was divided between two candidates.
what is the main responsibility of a party organization
running the party at the national and state levels
Which event marked the beginning of a long period of republican control
the civil war
which is true about ideological parties?
some ideological parties have been around a long time
During the debate over the constitution, which issue divided the Framers into two parties?
The power of the central government
Section 6
(50 cards)
Which statement best reflects voter criticism of primaries
Many voters dislike having to declare party preference.
In areas where one party is the dominant party, the ___ is the only step that matters
Nomination.
what role does the president play in the organization of a party
pres's leadership generally makes his or her party more organized than the other major party
Why are election laws important?
Election laws protect the honesty and quality of elections.
in most states, elections for state offices are usually held
on the same day Congress sets for national elections
The method of self-announcement is frequently done
in small towns
the first political party to hold a national convention to nominate a presidential candidate was
the national republicans
what do national and state party organizations have in common?
both have central comittees
The people who check ballot boxes, voting machines, and voter qualifications at a polling place are members of
the precinct election board
A group of like-minded people who select candidates to support in an upcoming election is known as a
Caucus.
Why do candidates use the internet to raise funds for political campaigns
it is a good way to get funds from individuals
another term for precinct is
voting district
The candidate who usually has the biggest advantage in a national election is
the candidate who raises the most money
Which statement best reflects voter criticism of primaries?
many voters dislike having to declare party preference
When is the nomination by petition method most often used
at the local level
Most of the money for preconvention campaigns for presidential candidates comes from
private sources
what did congress require of corporations when it began to regulate national campaign contributions in 1907
Corporations could no longer contribute money to candidates for national office
What is a nomination?
the naming of those who will run for public office
which has the responsibility of making nominations for public office
Political parties
a district in which all voters report to the same polling place is called a
precinct
which party figures serve on congressional campaign committees
members from each house of congress
What type of ballot is used today?
the Australian ballot
which is not a factor influencing the amount of money spent running for office?
the candidates popularity
What is a nonpartisan election?
primary elections in which candidates are not identified by party
what advantages did voting machines have over the old system of casting paper ballots used in the 1800's?
they made voting faster and reduced fraud
Which voters are excluded from a closed primary?
independents
which type of election may be held in the spring?
local
What is absentee voting?
the process by which people can vote without going to the polling places on election day
What was the way caucuses were originally used to nominate candidates criticized?
The caucus represented the views of a small group
The supreme court ruled that blanket primaries were unconstitutional because the violated
The right of association
When do national party conventions meet
In presidential election years
Since 1832 where have all the major presidential nominations taken place?
at conventions
What is the difference between a closed primary and an open primary?
In a closed primary, only declared party members can vote, and they can only vote for candidates within their declared party. In an open primary, any qualified voter can vote for a candidate from either of the major parties.
supporters claim that closed primaries make candidates more responsive to
voters
which set is not a method of nominating candidates?
general election
Selecting candidates by getting a number of signatures from qualified voters is called
nomination by petetion
At the national level, what is a disadvantage of being in the party that opposes the president's party
competition among leadership
What changes did the direct primary make to the convention system
Party members were put in charge
when do the different levels of party organization work together most closely
during an election
The disputed presidential election of 2000 resulted in the discontinuation of what form of voting?
punch card ballots
the coattail effect is most likely to help elect which kind of candidate?
a less well-known canidate
what is the main job of the congressional campaign committees
to reelect party officeholders and capture new seats.
which type of voting is not allowed in state or federal elections today?
voice vote
what potential problems with online voting do critics fear?
digital disasters and violations of security
According to the U.S. constitution federal election laws regulate which of the following
the election of members of congress
where do voters within a precinct go to cast their votes
a polling place
Who unfairly influenced the nominating process under the convention system in the 1800's?
Party bosses
which type of primary was ruled unconstitutional in 2000?
The blanket primary
What types of elections are regulated by the Constitution?
the election of members of congress
What is a caucus?
a group of people with similar views who meet to select a candidate
Section 7
(13 cards)