Section 1
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Binary
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Cards (71)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Binary
Binary (or "base-2") a numeric system that only uses two digits — 0 and 1. Computers operate in binary, meaning they store data and perform calculations using only zeros and ones. Binary describes a numbering scheme in which there are only two possible values for each digit: 0 and 1. The term also refers to any digital encoding/decoding system in which there are exactly two possible states. In digital data memory, storage, processing, and communications, the 0 and 1 values are sometimes called "low" and "high," respectively.
Boolean**
In computer operation with binary values, "______" logic can be used to describe electromagnetically charged memory locations or circuit states that are either charged (1 or true) or not charged (0 or false). The computer can use an AND gate or an OR gate operation to obtain a result that can be used for further processing. The following table shows the results from applying AND and OR operations to two compared states: 0 AND 0 = 0 1 AND 0 = 0 1 AND 1 = 1 0 OR 0 = 0 0 OR 1 = 1 1 OR 1 = 1
encapsulation
A mechanism of wrapping the data (variables) and code acting on the data (methods) together as a single unit. In encapsulation, the variables of a class will be hidden from other classes, and can be accessed only through the methods of their current class. (Java)
loop
A sequence of instructions that is continually repeated until a certain condition is reached. Typically, a certain process is done, such as getting an item of data and changing it, and then some condition is checked such as whether a counter has reached a prescribed number. Used for iteration.
compiler
A compiler is a special program that processes statements written in a particular programming language and turns them into machine language or "code" that a computer's processor uses.
mass storage
Refers to various techniques and devices for storing large amounts of data.
ASCII
A character encoding standard for electronic communication. Each alphabetic, numeric, or special character is represented with a 7-bit binary number (a string of seven 0s or 1s). 128 possible characters are defined.
Instantiation
"new" creates an instance of a class (object) using constructor.
gigabyte
10^9 or 1,000,000,000 bytes. Is equal to 1,000 megabytes and precedes the terabyte unit of measurement.
Control Unit
A component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that directs the operation of the processor. It tells the computer's memory, arithmetic/logic unit and input and output devices how to respond to a program's instructions.
I/O controller
a device that interfaces between an input or output device and the computer or hardware device.
Accessor Method
Provides information on one or more instance variables. It returns a value from a private or protected field. Does not modify an object. In general, an accessor performs some computation using the fields as long as that computation does not modify any of the fields.
bit
(short for binary digit) is the smallest unit of data on a computer; each bit has a single value of either 1 or 0.
Main Method
Is the "Meta algorithm" for any program. Conductor of the orchestra, the Driver
logic gate
An idealized or physical device implementing a Boolean function, that is, it performs a logical operation on one or more logical inputs, and produces a single logical output.
Static Method
IDE
A software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development. It normally consists of a source code editor, build automation tools and a debugger.
3 things that declarations accomplish
1. Scope - Where a variable is accessible in a program 2. How much space (memory) I need for this variable (str,int, double,etc) 3. How we should interpret the contents of those variables (How java should interpret ones and zeros)
Constructor Method
Uses the same name as the parent class. Initializes instances variables. Does not return anything. 3 types: Default, no-arg, and parametrized
machine language
a computer programming language consisting of binary or hexadecimal instructions that a computer can respond to directly.
instance**
Another name for an object.
The collection of public methods in a class
the interface that any user will use to interact with program
cast
Also known as "type conversion". Consists of changing from one data type to another.
Argument
Is passed "to" a method. Also referred to as an "Actual _________". The "type" of data that a method can receive is referred to as a "parameter". (You may see "__________" referred to as "actual parameters" and "parameters" referred to as "formal parameters".) i.e. public int addNumbers (2 , 4) 2 and 4 are _________.
Final Keyword
A keyword that stops variables from being changed. Once a final variable has been assigned, it always contains the same value. If a final variable holds a reference to an object, then the state of the object may be changed by operations on the object, but the variable will always refer to the same object. Make final all capitals. (constant)
boolean operator
An operator that returns a Boolean result that's based on the Boolean result of one or two other expressions. not, and, or, xor
implicit parameters
This is an object reference before a method. They are found before the dot i.e. str1.length() str1 is the __________________.
local variable
A variable that's declared within the body of a method. Then you can use the variable only within that method. Other methods in the class aren't even aware that the variable exists.
byte
The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits. Smallest integer type. This is a signed 8-bit type that has a range from -128 to 127.
Arithmetic/logic unit
is the part of a computer processor (CPU) that carries out arithmetic and logic operations on the operands in computer instruction words
Two's Compliment
Flip everything to the right of the least significant digit. i.e. 00010100 = 20 (standard binary) 11101100 = -20 (two's compliment)
Object
An instance of a class. Can be variables or related methods. Has three characteristics: -State - Data value -Behavior - Functionality -Identity - Unique ID in JVM i.e. "You" are an instance of a "Human" class.
Algorithm
A well-ordered collection of unambiguous and effectively computable operations that when executed produces a result and halts in a finite amount of time. (Textbook) Remove all intelligence from a solution
Mutator Method
Changes the value of one or more instance variables. Setter as opposed to getter.
Formal Parameters
The "type" of data that a method can receive is referred to as a "parameter". Refers to the variable as found in the method definition. i.e. public int addNumbers (int a , int b) int a and int b are _________.
Actual Parameters
Is passed "to" a method. Also referred to as an "argument". The "type" of data that a method can receive is referred to as a "parameter". (You may see "arguments" referred to as "actual parameters" and "parameters" referred to as "formal parameters".) public int addNumbers (2 , 4) 2 and 4 are _________.
megabyte
a unit of information equal to 2^20 bytes or, loosely, one million bytes.
Computer Science
The study of algorithms including: -Their formal and mathematical properties -Their hardware realizations -Their linguistic realizations -Their applications
kilobyte
a unit of memory or data equal to 1,024 (2^10) bytes.
Address**
The coded representation of the physical or logical location of a source or destination resource, such as a register, a memory partition, an application, or a node or station.
Class
A blueprint or Template Datatype encapsulates our notion of a type that contains instance variables and methods
Long
A longer version of int. Uses 64 bit instead of int's 32 bit.
instruction set
the complete set of all the instructions in machine code that can be recognized and executed by a central processing unit.
I/O buffer
The process of temporarily storing data that is passing between a processor and a peripheral. The usual purpose is to smooth out the difference in rates at which the two devices can handle data.
Initialize
This is the assignment of a value to a variable at the time of declaration.
explicit parameters
Can be formal or actual parameters They are found inside the parentheses of a method
boolean expression
A Java expression that, when evaluated, returns a Boolean value: true or false. Boolean expressions are used in conditional statements, such as if, while, and switch.
Parameter
The "type" of data that a method can receive is referred to as a "__________". Refers to the variable as found in the method definition. Also known as "Formal ___________" i.e. public int addNumbers (int a , int b) int a and int b are _________.
instance variable
a variable defined in a class (i.e. a member variable ), for which each instantiated object of the class has a separate copy, or instance. i.e. Class car private double gasInTank; gasInTank is the instance variable since every instance of the car class will get its own copy of gasInTank (with different values)
Cache Memory
a small-sized type of volatile computer memory that provides high-speed data access to a processor and stores frequently used computer programs, applications and data.
Section 2
(21 cards)