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Cell Energy: AP Biology

Cell Energy: AP Biology

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42 cards
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Section 1

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Catabolism

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Last updated

6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (42)

Section 1

(42 cards)

Catabolism

Front

Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy

Back

Alcoholic Fermentation

Front

regenerate NAD+, reduce pyruvate end result - ethanol & CO2, ex) bacteria, fungi, plants

Back

Enzyme

Front

Biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy

Back

G3P- glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

Front

is a product of Calvin Cycle can be made into Glucose, Cellulose, Starch or any carbohydrate

Back

Photosystems in Thylakoid membrane

Front

Contain light harnessing pigments

Back

Anabolism

Front

Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring energy.

Back

H2O Water

Front

-Is split in the light reactions of photosynthesis by photosystem 2 -Is a product of cellular respiration when O2 accepts H from electron carriers NADH and FADH2

Back

O2- Oxygen gas

Front

Final electron acceptor in ETC of Cell Resp Product when water is spilt in the light reactions

Back

equation for photosynthesis

Front

6CO2 + 6H2O + solar energy ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Back

CO2 Carbon Dioxide

Front

-Product of Glucose being oxidized in Citric Acid Cycle -3 of them can be fixed into G3P which can be made into glucose

Back

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Front

in the absence of oxygen will oxidze pyruvate in lactic acid and produce NADH (happens in our muscle cells)

Back

Thylakoid membrane

Front

Photosystems are embedded in this as well as ATP synthase

Back

OIL RIG

Front

Oxidation Is Lost (loss of electrons) Reduction Is Gained (gain of electrons)

Back

General equation for cell respiration

Front

C6H12O6 + 6H2O --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP)

Back

Electron Transport Chain (ETC) in cellular respiration

Front

electrons from NADH, FADH2 move to Oxygen to produce water protons pumped into inner membrane space where ATP synthase moves them down their concentration gradient to produce ATP

Back

Aerobic Respiration

Front

glycolysis, then in the presence of OXYGEN conversion to Acetyl COA, krebs cycle, ETC: oxidation phosphorylation

Back

pigments important for photosynthesis

Front

chlorophyl a and b, carotenoids

Back

glycolysis takes place in

Front

cytoplasm

Back

CAM plants

Front

open their stomata at night, incorporating CO2 into organic acids. This allows them to conserve water and not lose as much through transpiration.

Back

Calvin Cycle

Front

High energy electrons from NADPH, H reduce CO2 to produce G3P in a series of steps using the enzyme RUBISCO. (2 turns produce 2 G3P) occurs in stroma

Back

Glycolysis

Front

glucose broken down into 2 pyruvate NAD reduced to 2 NADH made and transferred to mitochondria forms 2 net ATP occurs in cytoplasm

Back

Thylakoid

Front

Site of Light Reactions in photosynthesis

Back

Endergonic

Front

Energy consumed, aborbed

Back

Stroma

Front

Site of Calvin Cycle in photosynthesis

Back

Acetyl CoA

Front

pyruvate oxidized into __________ ________

Back

Entropy

Front

total disorder

Back

Chemiosmosis

Front

energy couplin mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of an H+ gradient across a membrane to drive ATP synthesis

Back

cell respiration

Front

glucose oxidized to release carbon dioxide oxygen reduced to release water requires enzymes

Back

phosphorylation reaction

Front

phosphate from ATP transfer energy to glucose, requires enzyme (kinase)

Back

ATP made in Electron Transport Chain in photosynthesis

Front

light absorbed, electrons transferred from photosystem 2 to 1, ETC pumps protons into thylakoid, protons diffuse through ATP synthase into stroma where a phosphate is added to ADP to form ATP, NADPH accepts electrons to move the energy to the calvin cycle

Back

oxidative phosphorylation

Front

Production of 32-34 ATP via ETC and chemiosmosis (ATP made from redux reactions)

Back

Anaerobic Respiration

Front

glycolysis then without oxygen available fermentation occurs (only make substrate level phosphorylation 2 ATP total)

Back

chloroplasts

Front

Site of photosythesis

Back

The Cycle of ATP

Front

Endergonic (energy made) ATP Made Hydrolysis of ATP Exergonic (energy loss) ADP + Pi starts over

Back

Krebs cycle- Citric Acid Cycle

Front

complete oxidation of glucose to release CO2, produces energy for ETC in the form of 6NADH, 2 FADH2, and 2 ATP (after two turns of cycle)

Back

Activation energy

Front

Energy required to start a reaction

Back

substrate level phosphorylation

Front

A smaller amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle (Transferring a phosphate directly to ADP from another molecule)

Back

Exergonic

Front

Releases energy

Back

Oxidative phosphorylation

Front

produces 32-34 ATP, due to chemiosmosis (large production of ATP in Electron Transport Chain)

Back

ATP structure

Front

adenine(nitrogenous base), ribose(5 carbon sugar), 3 phosphate groups

Back

Enthalpy

Front

total energy

Back

Light Reactions

Front

The energy-capturing reactions in photosynthesis that split water and harness photons of light in electrons that are carried via NADPH and produce energy ATP via electron transport chain embedded in thylakoid membrane

Back