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Biology

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Section 1

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commensalism

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1 / 39

Biology Science

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6 years ago

Date created

Mar 14, 2020

Cards (39)

Section 1

(39 cards)

commensalism

Front

A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected (+, 0)

Back

meiosis

Front

cell division that produces reproductive cells ( gametes egg or sperm) in sexually reproducing organisms, also refered to as reduction division

Back

translation

Front

process of gene expression whereby genetic information coded in the messenger RNA directs the formation of an amino acid sequence to make a specific protein occurs at the ribosome

Back

species

Front

Group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

Back

ribosomes

Front

Site of protein synthesis.

Back

transcription

Front

Construction of a single strand of mRNA from a DNA template in the nucleus A-U.

Back

primary sucession

Front

Gradual development that begins on areas without soil, such as bare rocks, lava flows, and areas scraped lifeless by retreating glaciers, begins with lichens and mosses.

Back

ATP

Front

Adenosine triphosphate, major energy storage produced by mitochondria during cellular respiration.

Back

homozygous

Front

Having two identical alleles for a trait

Back

parasitism

Front

A relationship between two species in which one species, the parasite, benefits from the other species, the host, which is harmed (+,-)

Back

nucleotide

Front

DNA or RNA subunit (monomer) that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base ( universal genetic code)

Back

genetic code

Front

Sequence nucleotides in DNA molecules that carries the genetic information in living things , common to all organisms.

Back

crossing over

Front

Nonsister chromatids exchange DNA segments in meiosis creating more varation

Back

replication

Front

process in which DNA makes a copy of itself during the S-phase of cell cycle A-T, C-G

Back

virus

Front

Nonliving material consisting of a nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat (capsid or glycoprotein) that must use a host cell's machinery to reproduce .

Back

adaptation

Front

Inherited characteristic that improves an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.

Back

carrying capacity

Front

Largest number of individuals of a population that an environment can support, top of S-curve on graph

Back

Prokaryote

Front

single-celled organisms lacking a nucleus: archeabacteria and eubacteria

Back

speciation

Front

Formation of a new species as a result of isolation from the main population.

Back

phloem

Front

vascular tissue responsible for the transport of nutrients and the carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis

Back

xylem

Front

vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant

Back

photosynthesis

Front

Process by which autotrophs use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches.

Back

symbiosis

Front

Relationship in which two species live closely together

Back

animal

Front

Multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes that produce sexually and can move

Back

natural selection

Front

Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest

Back

limiting factor

Front

Any biotic or abiotic factor that prevents a population from increasing.

Back

homeostasis

Front

state of equilibrium that produces a constant internal environment throughout the body

Back

antibiotics

Front

Medicines that kill or slow the growth of bacteria not effective on viruses.

Back

fungi

Front

Kingdom composed of multicellular, heterotrophs with chitin in cell walls, many obtain energy and nutrients from dead organic matter.

Back

protein synthesis

Front

A regulated process where DNA transcribes to mRNA then translates to amino acids sequence which creates a protein. DNA > mRNA > AA > protein (polypeptide)

Back

mutualism

Front

Arelationship between two species in which both species benefit (+,+)

Back

codon

Front

A sequence of three nucleotide bases on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

Back

stomata

Front

Pore-like openings in leaves that allow gases (CO2 and O2) and water to diffuse in and out of the leaves.

Back

biodiversity

Front

The number of different species in an ecosystem, increased diversity increases stability.

Back

enzymes

Front

Proteins that act as biological catalysts, substances that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Back

mitosis

Front

cell division in which a cell divides making exact copies containing same number of chromosomes as parent cell for growth and repair and replacement of cells

Back

taxonomy

Front

science of classification

Back

osmosis

Front

The process by which water molecules diffuse across a cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Back

plant

Front

multicellular, autotrophic, eukaryote that produces its own food through photosynthesis and has a cell wall

Back