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AP Physics - Simple Harmonic Motion

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Section 1

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Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (24)

Section 1

(24 cards)

Period

Front

Time necessary for one complete cycle Symbol: T Units: s

Back

Simple Harmonic Motion is defined as

Front

1. Back and forth motion (a cycle) of an object over the same path 2. Each cycle taking the same amount of time (period) 3. the restoring force is proportional to displacement

Back

Minus sign indicates

Front

that the force is in the opposite direction of the displacement

Back

If the frequency of a sound wave is doubled then the wavelength

Front

Halves, because the two are inverses.

Back

What is a restoring force?

Front

A force that gives rise to an equilibrium in a physical system. If the system is disturbed from equilibrium, then the restoring force will tend to bring the system back toward equilibrium.

Back

What is the equilibrium of displacement position of a system involving a spring?

Front

The place where the string does not move and is unstretched or uncompressed.

Back

Criteria for a Simple Pendulum

Front

Mass is concentrated in the bob String/Rod is considered to have no mass Initial displacement is less than ~15 degrees

Back

Amplitude

Front

Maximum displacement from equilibrium Symbol: A Units: m

Back

Period of a Spring Mass system

Front

T = 2pi sqrt(m/k) Restoring Force: Spring

Back

x is the

Front

displacement from the equilibrium position in m

Back

What's the difference between transverse and longitudinal wave?

Front

A transverse wave is a wave in which oscillations are perpendicular to the direction in which the wave travels. A longitudinal wave is a wave whose oscillations are parallel to the direction of travel.

Back

Whats resonance?

Front

Its the effect when an oscillating force is applied to a system capable of vibrating, the systems amplitude of vibration can be very large if the frequency of the force matches the natural (resonant) frequency.

Back

Restoring force is

Front

a force that restores a system back to its equilibrium position

Back

Period of a Simple Pendulum

Front

T = 2pi sqrt(L/g) L is the length of the pendulum Restoring Force: Gravity

Back

Equilibrium is

Front

the position or state that the system naturally wants to return to

Back

What's the difference between refraction of waves and diffraction?

Front

Refraction of waves is when waves change diffraction and diffraction is when they spread as they encounter obstacles.

Back

Hooke's Law

Front

F = -kx

Back

Period and Frequency are

Front

inverses of each other f = 1/T T = 1/f

Back

k is the

Front

spring constant measured in N/m

Back

Frequency

Front

Number of cycles per second Symbol: f Units: Hertz (Hz)

Back

What is the total energy of a spring oscillating equal to?

Front

Back

Conservation of Energy of a spring-mass system

Front

KE is max when the speed is max - the object is passing through the equilibrium position PE is max when the object is at the greatest displacement from the equilibrium (amplitude) Pendulum: mgh Spring: 1/2 kx^2

Back

If a spring is stretched to its absolute limit, what is (a) its kinetic energy KE, and velocity v. (b) When is the elastic potential energy of a spring at its greatest?

Front

(a) Velocity is equal to zero, so is kinetic energy KE. (b) Elastic potential energy is at its greatest when the spring is at its maximum displacement from the equilibrium point.

Back

Simple Harmonic Motion is

Front

a special type of vibration

Back