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Competition

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Section 1

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When are we most likely to see competitive exclusion?

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Competition Prep

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6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (27)

Section 1

(27 cards)

When are we most likely to see competitive exclusion?

Front

• Time has been sufficient to allow exclusion. • The environment is temporally constant. • The environment has little spatial variation. • There is little or no immigration. • Growth is truly limited by one resource.

Back

Allelopathy

Front

A form of interference competition involving the direct inhibition of one species by another using a toxic or noxious substance

Back

Exploitative Competition (also called Resource competition)

Front

competition between individuals by reducing availability of shared resources

Back

The Ghost of Competition Past

Front

-Competition in the past has driven evolutionary changes that minimize present day competition -Indirect arguments used to infer competition in the past

Back

Character Displacement

Front

Divergence in the characteristics of two otherwise similar species where their ranges overlap, as a consequence of natural selection for reduced interspecific competition

Back

Mutualism

Front

Two species live in association with one another to the benefit of both

Back

The Ecological Niche

Front

The range of environmental conditions and resources within which individuals of a species survive, grow, and reproduce

Back

Two Visions of Competition

Front

Interspecific competition is an important force that can be observed directly vs The paradox of competition --interspecific competition is such a powerful force that you rarely observe it in nature

Back

resource

Front

anything used by an organism that supports increased population growth rates as its availability in the environment increases - e.g., food, water, light, space... nest holes

Back

Resource partitioning

Front

differential use among organisms of resources such as food and space

Back

Competitive Exclusion Principle

Front

Two species with similar niches cannot coexist indefinitely on the same limiting resource

Back

Herbivory

Front

One animal eats all or part of a plant species

Back

Indirect evidence to infer past competition

Front

• Allopatric distributions of ecologically related species • Resource partitioning • Character displacement

Back

Intraspecific competition

Front

occurs among individuals of the same species

Back

Allopatric

Front

occurring in different places, i.e., non-overlapping geographic distribution

Back

Sympatric

Front

occurring together in the same place, i.e., overlapping geographic distribution

Back

Interference Competition (also called Contest Competition)

Front

direct competition between individuals for scarce resources by one impeding or denying access to the resource by another

Back

Fundamental Niche

Front

the full range of environmental factors permitting a species to survive and reproduce

Back

Evidence of Competition

Front

• Direct evidence of competition - Controlled experiments with vs. w/o competitors - Experimental removals • Indirect evidence of past competition - Allopatric distributions of ecologically related species - Resource partitioning - Character displacement

Back

Niche Dimensions

Front

-The concept of the niche based on a species' tolerance of a series of environmental factors and use of a number of resources -Can define multiple biotic and abiotic resource axes, each utilized with a certain frequency distribution

Back

Predation

Front

One organism eats all or part of an animal species

Back

Competition

Front

Two or more species use the same limited resource, or seek that resource, to the detriment of both

Back

Realized Niche

Front

the conditions under which an organism actually exists, after limitations by factors such as competition, disease, and predators

Back

limiting resource

Front

ultimately constrains the rate of population growth in a species

Back

Parasitism

Front

Two species live in physically close association, in which the parasite depends metabolically on the host

Back

Species Interactions: Competition Objectives

Front

-Understand the different types of species interactions based on mechanism and outcome • Distinguish the different types of competition • Understand the niche concept and the difference between the fundamental niche and the realized niche • Be able to interpret resource utilization curves • Understand the Competitive Exclusion Principle and the conditions where you are most likely to see it • Explain indirect evidence of competition past

Back

Interspecific competition

Front

occurs between individuals of different species

Back