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pathology

memorize.ai (lvl 286)

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b. fetal red blood cells enter the maternal circulation during birth and initiate an immune response that may endanger a future fetus

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Pathology

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4 years ago

Date created

Mar 14, 2020

Cards (46)

Section 1

(46 cards)

b. fetal red blood cells enter the maternal circulation during birth and initiate an immune response that may endanger a future fetus

Front

Which of the following occurs in hemolytic anemia of the newborn? a. maternal red blood cells cross enter the fetus during birth and initiate an immune response in the newborn b. fetal red blood cells enter the maternal circulation during birth and initiate an immune response that may endanger a future fetus c. the Rh+ mother attacks the Rh- fetus d. the Rh- mother becomes sensitized to her own blood

Back

d. active hyperemia

Front

In weight lifting, muscles undergo _________. a. passive hyperemia b. reactive hyperemia c. thromboembolism d. active hyperemia

Back

d cri du chat

Front

Which of the following diseases results from a deletion of part of the chromosome 5? a. down syndrome b. turners syndrome c. edwards syndrome d. cri du chat

Back

c. mosaicism

Front

The least common form of the down syndrome is the _______ type. a. sex-linked b. complete triplication 21st chromosome c. mosaicism d. translocation

Back

a. he shows all of the main traits that define the disease

Front

An individual is a heterozygote for an autosomal dominant disorder. You predict that ______. a. he shows all of the main traits that define the disease. b.he shows only half of the traits that define the disease. c. he does not show any of the traits that define the disease d. there is no way to make a prediction unless one knows the genotype of his spouse

Back

b. familial hypercholesterolemia

Front

Which of the following is a co-dominant disorder? a. phenylketonuria b. familial hypercholesterolemia c. achondroplasia d. ochronosis

Back

b. spina bifida occulta

Front

Which of the following congenital malformations is an example of dysraphic defect? a. hypoplasia b. spina bifida occulta c. syndactyly d. arachnodactyly

Back

c. neurofibromatosis

Front

Which of the following diseases results in numerous benign tumors that affect the peripheral nerves? a. wallerian degeneration b. polyneuritis c. neurofibromatosis d. polyarteritis nodosum

Back

a. turners syndrome

Front

pterygium colli occurs in _____. a. turner's syndrome b. klinefelters syndrome c. multi-x females d. virilism

Back

c. congenital lack of B or T lymphocytes

Front

Which of the following circumstances results in a primary immunodeficiency? a. malnutrition b. diabetes mellitus c. congenital lack of B or T lymphocytes d. exposure to radiation

Back

c. marfan's syndrome

Front

A very tall caucasian basketball player dies from an aortic aneurysm. Which of the following is the most reasonable explanation? a. syphilis b. congenital malformation c. marfan's syndrome d. neurofibromatosis

Back

a. an autosomal recessive

Front

Genetic mutations that lead to enzyme defects usually inherit in _______ pattern. a. an autosomal recessive b. an autosomal dominant c. a sex-linked d. a hemizygous

Back

a. consanguinity (in-breeding)

Front

The Amish people of Pennsylvania suffer from more genetic disease than the population of the United States in general. This is due to _________. a. consanguinity (in-breeding) b. some local environmental problem, probably food contamination c. their descent from a very genetically diverse groups of original settlers d. their devout religion

Back

b. maternal ingestion of alcohol during the pregnancy

Front

Which of the following is a well-known risk factor for a congenital malformation? a. an unusually small uterus b. maternal ingestion of alcohol during the pregnancy c. twins d. taking aspirin during the third trimester

Back

a. bone cancer

Front

Which of the following tumors is most likely to metastasize through the circulation system? a. bone cancer b. breast carcinoma c. brain tumor d. Hodgekin's lymphoma

Back

b and inactive chromosome

Front

A barr body is ________. a. one of the polar bodies produced in female gametogenesis b. an inactive chromosome c. a viral inclusion in a sperm cell d.composed of euchromatin

Back

b. Marfan's syndrome

Front

Arachnodactyly, or "spider fingers," is seen in _________. a. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome b. Marfan's syndrome c. Wilson's disease d. thalidomide consumption during pregnancy

Back

a. type I

Front

The primary problem lies in abnormal vascular function in _________hypersensitivity. a. type I b. type II c. type III d. type IV

Back

a. trisomy 21

Front

Which of the following conditions is most compatible to life? a. trisomy 21 b. monosomy 21 c. trisomy 17 d. cri du chat syndrome

Back

a. diabetes

Front

Which of the following circumstances results in a secondary immunodeficiency? a. diabetes b. the Down syndrome c. tuberculin test d. thymic aplasia

Back

d. alcaptonuria (ochronosis)

Front

In which of the following conditions does the cartilage turn blue-black? a. lead poisoning b. wilson's disease c. addison's disease d. alcaptonuria (ochronosis)

Back

b. achondroplasia (dwarfism)

Front

which of the following is an autosomal dominant condition? a. hemophilia b. achondroplasia (dwarfism) c. albinism d. gaucher's disease

Back

d. greater than for siblings who are not twins

Front

If one member of a pair of fraternal (non-identical) twins is born with a congenital defect, the probability that the other member will have the same defect is _________. a. 100% b. the same as if they were identical twins c. 50% d. greater than for siblings who are not twins

Back

b. homocystinuria

Front

All of the following clinical signs and symptoms occur in marfan's syndrome with the exception of one. Which does not occur? a. tendency of the lens of the eye to subluxate (upward) b. homocystinuria c. dissecting aneurysm of the aorta d. arachnodactyly (spider fingers)

Back

c. they only have one X chromosome

Front

Males tend to phenotypically express sex-linked conditions because ________. a. they sustain more mutations on their X chromosomes b. they are all genetic hybrids c. they only have one X chromosome d. they have an extra barr boy

Back

a. A new mutation has occurred during parental gametogenesis

Front

A male child is born with marfan's syndrome, even though neither of the parents expressed this condition. What is the most likely explanation? a. a new mutation has occurred during parental gametogenesis b. this disease is a sex-linked disorder c. this disease is an autosomal recessive disorder d. this disease is an autosomal dominant disorder

Back

c. they are inborn errors of metabolism

Front

Which one of the following characteristics is true of lysosomal storage diseases? a. they are lethal at any age. b. they are involved an inability to store fat. c. they are inborn errors of metabolism d. the victim is invariably obese

Back

b. mast cells

Front

In type I hypersensitivity, antigen-antibody complex causes the degranulation of __________. a. eosinophils b. mast cells c. T cells d. B cells

Back

c. the interaction of several genes

Front

In the case of polygenic (aka multifactorial) defects __________ is the primary cause of the disorder. a. a single gene defect b. a chromosomal problem c. the interaction of several genes d. teratogens

Back

a. there are self reactive antibodies

Front

Autoimmunity refers to the process in which ________. a. there are self reactive antibodies b. the body learns to identify foreign proteins c. the body tolerates its own proteins d. a person injects himself with immunosuppressive drugs

Back

c. 45, XO

Front

Which of the following is the karyotype for turner's syndrome? a. 46, XY-), (47, XXY) b. 47, XXY c. 45, XO d 45, YO

Back

c. type III

Front

Immune complex deposition occurs in __________ hypersensitivity. a. type I b. type II c. type III d. type IV

Back

b. cause unknown

Front

About 70% of congenital birth defects are due to _______. a. genetic causes b. cause unknown c. biochemical defects d. maternal infection

Back

c. hypovolemic

Front

Dehydration results in __________ shock. a. septic b. cardiogenic c. hypovolemic d. anaphylactic

Back

a. an autosomal dominant disorder

Front

A patient has a genetically defective collagen. This genetic disorder is ________. a. an autosomal dominant disorder b. an autosomal recessive disorder c. a sex-linked d. acquired during childhood from an affected play-mate

Back

c. pedunculated

Front

Which of the following terms refers to a tumor that is shaped like a mushroom? a. sessile b. dermoid c. pedunculated d. polyp

Back

b. the heart

Front

The likely source of an embolism that occludes the renal artery is ________. a. the kidney b. the heart c. lower extremity veins d. lower extremity arteries

Back

c. syndactyly

Front

Which of the following congenital malformations is and example of a division failure? a. hypoplasia b. spina bifida occulta c. syndactyly d. arachnodactyly

Back

d. delayed onset

Front

A positive tuberculin test is an example of __________ hypersensitivity. a. immediate-onset b. cell-mediated c. cytotoxic d. delayed onset

Back

a. B cells

Front

In Bruton's disease, the victim has a congenital lack of functional __________. a. B cells b. T cells c. B and T cells d. one of his or her 21st chromosomes

Back

a. monosomy or trisomy

Front

abnormal meiosis may result in ______. a. monosomy or trisomy b. only trisomy c. only monosomy d. polar bodies

Back

Rheumatoid arthritis Ankylosis spondylitis Crohn's disease Multiple sclerosis Myasthenia gravis Hashimotos Type I diabetes

Front

List some autoimmune diseases.

Back

d. vitamin D resistant rickets

Front

which of the following is a sex-linked dominant condition? a. lesch-nyhan syndrome b. amaurotic familial idiocy c. gastrophilia d. vitamin D resistant rickets

Back

b. has a 1/2 chance of expressing the disorder

Front

A male homozygote and a female heterozygote for an autosomal dominant disorder produce a child. This child ___________. a. cannot possibly express the disorder b. has a 1/2 chance of expressing the disorder c. has a 1/4 chance of expressing the disorder d. must show the disorder.

Back

a. pregnant mammals were not tested

Front

What went wrong with thalidomide testing is that _________. a. pregnant mammals were not tested b. the experimental dosage was not controlled c. the experimental time of exposure was not controlled d. not all human research subjects provided informed consent.

Back

c. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Front

Increased elasticity of the skin occurs in _________. a. neurofibromatosis b. ankylosing spondylitis c. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome d. Sclerodema

Back