Section 1
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Verb
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Cards (129)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Verb
action word that the subject performs
Make this possessive (singular) dog
dog's
How can you separate two complete sentences?
1. A period- Go to them. They need you. 2. A semicolon- Go to them; they need you. 3. ", and" ", but" ", as" - They were winning, but we took the lead. 4- A colon : (only use if 1st sentence causes 2nd or if 2nd one is an example) 5- a Hypen
Can you use ", however, " to separate 2 complete sentences?
HELL NO
Subject
Noun that performs the action
Adverb
Word that describes an adjective, a verb, or another adverb. (Usually end in -ly) ex. Slowly ex. "I did bad on that test." WRONG ex. "I did badly on that test." GOOD
Make this word possessive: bikes
bikes'
What is the point of a transition word?
To connect the meaning of 1 sentence to the next one.
What type of transition word is "Even So" ? And where does it go in the sentence?
OPPOSITE e.g. The rent for that office is very expensive. Even so, it is still a good deal.
Transition words fall into 4 main groups. What are they?
SAME OPPOSITE CAUSE EXAMPLE
What is the hint with a question where the only difference is punctuation, like ( . ; : )
A- Find out if you have 1 complete sentence or 2. B- Find out if it's an appositive
How to deal with a problem that asks about pronouns?
1- Find what the pronoun refers to (antecedent) 2- Read the sentence with the antecedent in place of the pronoun 3- Find if the pronoun should be singular or plural 4- (Bonus) Find if pronoun should be the subject or an object.
Best 2 ways to combine 2 sentences
", as" The times saw an artistic revolution, as the Impressionist movement flourished across Europe. also a verb that ends in "-ing" e.g. "The German Empire rapidly increased its power, spreading rapidly across its neighbors' borders"
Parallel Form Ex. How to improve "Italians, Germans, and people from America"
Italians, Germans, and Americans (Right) In a list, the grammatical structure of each item must MATCH
Passive voice
The tree was hit by Luke. The city was destroyed by the bombers. (Subject does not do the action in the real world)
Hanging on the coat rack, __________ Subject must be a human or a thing?
A thing
Can you separate two sentences with , as ?
YES The times saw an artistic revolution, as the Impressionist movement flourished across Europe.
Indirect Object
Answers the question "To Whom?" or "For Whom?"
Where do we use commas when using quotation marks?
RIGHT BEFORE the 1st quote mark or RIGHT BEFORE the 2nd quote mark She said, "Get away!" "Go away," she said.
Make this possessive (singular) class
class's
Assume the info in graph/chart is
True!
It's vs. its
It's hot out. It is hot out. The dog wagged its tail.
What does the semicolon ; do?
Separates two complete sentences
Appositives What punctuation do you need?
Eli Manning, Giants QB, is playing tonight. Eli Manning- Giants QB- is playing tonight Eli Manning (Giants QB) is playing
Can you use the phrase":such as"
NO "such as" and the colon (:) do the same thing!
Driving down the highway, ____________ A) I saw the trees B). the trees appeared What is the answer and why?
I saw the trees Subject must be human
Active voice vs passive voice Which one is better?
Active is better
Can you use "such as:"
NO
Can you separate two sentences with , whereas ?
YES We're studying for the SAT, whereas my brother is sleeping right now.
Does "however" come at the beginning of the sentence or the middle?
However must come at the BEGINNING Must have a period or ; before the ". However,"
Direct Object
Answers the question "Who?" or "What?"
Preposition
Small connecting word that shows relationship above below in of outside of inside of to from
What type of transition word is "moreover" ?
SAME When talking about 2 things that are similar.
What are the 3 types of Objects?
1- Direct Object 2- Indirect Object 3- Object of the preposition
Can the subject of a sentence exist as an indirect object?
NO
Make possessive (plural) oxen
oxen's
Object of the preposition
The noun that comes after the preposition "to the store" "above the floor" "Below the attic" "around the corner, up the street, down the road"
Can the subject of a sentence exist as direct object?
NO
Which of these are correct and which are incorrect ? We were planning to go camping. However, it is too cold. We were planning to go camping, however, it is too cold. We were planning to go camping; however, it is too cold.
We were planning to go camping. However, it is too cold. CORRECT We were planning to go camping, however, it is too cold. WRONG We were planning to go camping; however, it is too cold. CORRECT
What is the rule and 1 exception for making nouns possessive?
Rule: Add 's Exception: Add only ' if you have already added an "s" to make the word plural
What is the hint for a "Transition Word" problem?
Read the previous sentence. Find relationship (Same, opposite, cause, example)
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Can the subject of a sentence exist as an object of the preposition?
NO
What type of transition word is "whereas" ?
OPPOSITE We're studying for the SAT, whereas my brother is sleeping right now.
What does the colon : do? (The hyphen - does the same things)
1. It introduces a list. ex. We need three things: crackers, chocolate, and marshmallows. 2. Identifies a word/phrase ex. Yesterday I survived on one food: almonds. 3. Separate 2 complete sentences
What do you do when more than 1 answer is grammatically correct? (as in, they don't violate any rules of grammar)
You pick the shortest one! Match the TONE
What type of transition word is "as a result" ?
CAUSATION When 1st thing causes the 2nd thing. The power plant exploded. As a result, there was no power.
Active voice
Luke hit the tree. ( Subject is doing the action)
Can you use "such as,"
NO
Adjective
word that describes a noun
Section 2
(50 cards)
"The writer is considering adding/deleting a portion here" What is the hint?
1- skip the yes/no part 2- Decide based only on the REASON
What is the hint for this problem type? "Which choice most effectively sets up the examples that follow?" or "which one is most relevant?"
1) IDENTIFY the examples in the next couple sentences 2) Decide what they are examples of 3) Choose the answer most SPECIFIC to the examples that follow.
What type of transition word is "Nevertheless"?
CONTRAST When 2 things are against each other Ex. There is a foot of snow on the ground. Nevertheless, we have school tomorrow.
Can you use "with:" ?
Nope
How can a clause have a subject and verb, but still not be a complete sentence?
It can have a TRANSITION WORD at the beginning. Ex. I was in the kitchen. (Sentence) While I was in the kitchen, (Not a Sentence) also "Which" "When" "While"
The pronoun "that" refers to people or things
Things, nouns that aren't people "All trains that pass through this station" "Those cars that don't pass inspection"
They and their refer ONLY to singular or plural things?
Plural things! More than 1! Singular is incorrect!
Participle
Verb acting as an adjective or adverb e.g. This style, rooted in the music of the 60s, is very cool.
What is the hint for this type of problem? "To make this paragraph most logical, this sentence should be placed where?"
Look for the PRONOUNS and what they refer to. The sentence should come after what its pronouns refer to Also, if the sentence introduces a concept that another sentence refers BACK to, it must come BEFORE that other sentence.
affect
verb to change
What type of transition word is "therefore"?
CAUSATION 1st item causes 2nd item It was raining. Therefore, we went to the movies.
Where can you usually find the thesis, or the central point of a passage?
First or Last sentence of the first paragraph
The pronoun "who" refers to people or things? Example, Which is right? "Police officers that quit" "Police officers who quit"
People E.g. "Those who run" "People who swim" "Police officers who quit"
Can you change any part of the sentence that is not underlined?
No
What type of transition words are: "While, Still, Even though, True, Nevertheless"
CONTRAST "WHILE the infrastructure plan will cost $2B, it will cut traffic." "TRUE, the plan will cost $2B, but it will cut traffic" "EVEN THOUGH the Jets had a terrible record, they have a chance to pick up good people in the offseason" "Hackenberg hasn't started all year. STILL, he is the best option." "I don't like doing my English homework. NEVERTHELESS, I have to do it to get an A."
Can you use "such as,"
NO
Further vs Farther
Further means depth into a topic Farther means physical DISTANCE
What type of transition word is "Still" ? (same, opposite, cause, example, etc.)
Like "even so," (CONTRAST) Kyleigh's law says that we cannot drive after 11pm. Still, my friends and I will stay out anyways.
In academia, what's better 2 short sentences or 1 longer sentence.
1 longer sentence
less
I have less money We have less sand THINGS YOU CANNOT COUNT eg you cant say "1 money, 2 money, 3 sand, 4 sand"
effect
noun an outcome or result
She is a [domineering, or strict, boss.] A) No Change B) domineering, or strict boss C) domineering or strict boss D) domineering- or strict boss
A is correct She is a domineering, or strict, boss.
What is the SAT's trap on questions where the answers have different VERB FORMS?
The noun that performs the verb will be separated from the verb by a bunch of meaningless words. The last word before the verb will be a different NUMBER than the real noun. That is a trick, watch out.
When you have "not only," what else should you use?
"But also" "Not only ___, but also _____" "Not only is he tall, but he is also strong."
What type of transition word is "Stunningly" ?
CONTRAST
I and me. Which one is used as a subject, and which is used as an object?
I is the subject (e.g. I am going to the store) Me is the object (Throw me the ball) (Don't throw me over the cliff)
Some questions have answers where the only difference is commas. What do you do? ex. This is how carbon can be sequestered, [or removed from] the atmosphere A) or removed from B) or removed from, C) or, removed from, D) or removed, from
Read the sentence WITHOUT looking at their punctuation. EXAGGERATE your pauses Put commas where you paused. D.
Particularly when looking at old paintings, __________ Subject must be a human being or a thing?
Human or animal (NOT other paintings or art)
Can you use "with-" ?
Nope
Gerund
Verb acting as a noun e.g. Swimming is not the best sport. Running is exhausting.
Burland [advocated using] soil extraction. A) advocated using B) advocated to use C) advocated the using of D) advocating to use
A! Burland advocated using soil extraction.
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What can you tell when an answer choice includes the word "being" ?
It is most likely WRONG
Verbs (and verb phrases) can act as what parts of speech
Nouns Adjectives Adverbs
Whom and who Which one is used as a subject, and which is used as an object?
Who is the subject (e.g. Who is playing the Spring Fling concert this year?) Whom is the object (e.g. Whom should I write this letter to?)
What to do when more than 1 answer choice is grammatically correct?
Pick the shortest one OR the one with the correct tone (formal vs informal)
Her and She Which one is used as a subject, and which is used as an object?
She is the subject (e.g. She is one of the best gymnasts in the county) Her is the object (e.g. She is going to show off her balance beam routine)
What are the 6 grammar tactics?
1- Find what's different in answers. 2- Find Question type. 3- Remember Hint for question type. 4- Read sentence with answers A-D in it. 5- Find the role in the sentence (direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition, appositive) 6- Find the subject and verb.
What is the trick for remembering when to use "who" and "whom" ?
Plug in "he" and "him" If "he" works, it's "who" If "him" works, it's "whom"
For many people, "fashion" -the latest lines of shoes, suits, dresses, or [furniture;] refers to new things. A) furniture; (No Change) B) furniture C) furniture, D) furniture-
D) furniture- For many people, "fashion" -the latest lines of shoes, suits, dresses, or furniture- refers to new things. Why? Because that is one big appositive
Can the subject or predicate exist in the appositive?
NO
fewer
I have fewer dollars I have fewer grains of sand THINGS YOU CAN COUNT "1 dollar, 2 dollars, 3 grains of sand...etc"
what is the function of the dash or -
1- Separate appositives 2- Define words
What is the hint when the answers have different VERB FORMS like: A) runs B) run C) is running D) has run
Find subject that performs that verb. Read the subject with the verb. Skip words in between
What type of transition is "Just as.... so too"?
SIMILARITY Just as A, so too does B. Meaning: B does a similar thing as A.
Can you use 2 colons to separate an appositive?
No
Dependent Clause
Part of a sentence that cannot stand on its own. Doesn't have a subject and verb OR it has a transition word. e.g. While we were in the desert, Going through your locker, Backdropped by white, green, and black curtains,
He and Him Which one is used as a subject, and which is used as an object?
He is the subject. (e.g. He is trying out for the baseball team) Him is the object (e.g. They are giving him a chance at Left Field)
What does this mean: "went so far as" e.g. "Jeff Sessions went so far as to say he liked the KKK"
Taking an extreme position when you normally dont
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Section 3
(29 cards)