happens when a senate seat becomes vacant sure to retirement or death of a senator
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Senators tend to be
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wealthier both than their House colleagues and the general population
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A person seeking to be a senator must be
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- at least 30 years old-five years older than house members
- a U.S. citizen for at least nine years-as compared to seven for House members
- a resident of the state he or she represents
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Expulsion
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requires a two-thirds majority vote
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Party leaders
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guide the work of the majority and minority parties
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Committee chairs
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set committee's schedule, decide what bills will be discussed and when, and call hearings
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Types of Senate Committees
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16 standing committees, many subcommittees, select committees, special committees, joint committees, and conference committees
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Senate majority leader
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- most powerful position
- chosen by a vote of the majority party
- serves as the spokesperson and main strategist for the majority part of the Senate
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Cloture
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an end to debate
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President pro tempore
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the person who presides in the absence of the president of the Senate
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Filibuster
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occurs when opponents of a measure take the floor of the Senate and refuse to stop talking in an effort to prevent the measure coming up for a vote
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Staggered Elections
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ensures that the Senate membership does not undergo major, rapid shifts and lose experienced political leaders
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Senates leadership
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generally has less power than the House leadership
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Censure
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officially denounce a Senator
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Seniority rule
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the chair of the committee goes to the most senior majority senator on a committee
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Divided Legislatures
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sometimes had trouble reaching a decision
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State Legislatures
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have the power to chose senators
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President of the Senate
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Constitution assigns job to the vice president of the United States
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Senator rules
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limit the number of committees and subcommittees a Senator may serve on
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Nominees
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are usually first examined by the relevant senate committee-for example, the Senate Judiciary Committee examines nominees for federal judges