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Behavioral Science II - Social Perception

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Section 1

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What does the just-world hypothesis refer to in regard to impression bias?

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6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (21)

Section 1

(21 cards)

What does the just-world hypothesis refer to in regard to impression bias?

Front

This refers to insinuation of a "just" world where good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people. Karma

Back

What does stereotype threat refer to?

Front

The concern of confirming stereotypes about one's social group.

Back

There are four types of stereotypes: paternalistic, admiration, contemptuous, and envious. Describe them.

Front

Paternalistic: high warm, low regard: looked as inferior and dismissed Admiration: high warm, high regard: looked as high status but not competitive with Contemptuous: low warm, low regard: group looked at with resentment, inferior Envious: low warm, high regard: group is looked at with jealousy and disdain

Back

Cues are used to understand the behavior of others. What are the three, primary cues used? Describe them.

Front

Consistency cues - the behavior of someone over time Consensus cues - how that behavior may deviate from others Distinctiveness cues - how behavior is consistent in similar situations

Back

The actor-observer bias results from what?

Front

The actor tends to attribute failures to situational factors while the observer tends to attribute failures to dispositional factors.

Back

What are the three factors that influence social prejudice?

Front

Power Prestige Class

Back

Give an example of the self-serving bias.

Front

A student attributes a high grade to her studiousness but her low grades to difficult tests or not enough time. Very related to the locus of control.

Back

What is self-serving bias (or self serving attributional bias)?

Front

Individuals will view success based on internal factors and view failures based on external factors, essentially protecting self-esteem by relegating failures to the situation "outside" of one's control

Back

Differentiate between the primacy and recency effect in regard to social perception.

Front

The primacy effect refers to the first information we receive about a person, which may be more important than subsequent impressions. The recency effect refers to the LATEST information about a person, which also may be very important.

Back

Imagine a group member in chemistry does not finish part of the group homework, so you assume he is lazy or stupid. What error did you make and why?

Front

A fundamental attribution error, where errors are attributed to dispositional attributions rather than situational attributions. It is possible the student was previously ill, for example.

Back

In reference to sociology, stereotypes are what?

Front

Attitudes and impressions about others based on limited information. COGNITIVE

Back

Attribution is how we infer the causes of other's behaviors. Give an example of dispositional attribution and situational attribution.

Front

Dispositional would be someone wins an award based on her hard work and beliefs. Situational would be pure luck or her upbringing as the rationale for the win.

Back

Jim Crow laws in the early 1900's would be considered stereotypes, prejudice, or discrimination?

Front

Discrimination, as these laws were ACTIONS enacted.

Back

During surgery clerkship in medical school, many students cannot tie knots because of a long-standing belief that medical students cannot tie knots. Students internalize this and it leads to inability to tie knots. What does this refer to?

Front

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Back

Many people will think of a circle inside a square when asked to envision how much of a cube a sphere takes up, however, this simplification does not work. What error was used?

Front

Attribute substitution (substitute one attribute for another) Individuals make simple solutions or apply heuristics to a more complex situation.

Back

From a sociological perspective, what is discrimination?

Front

Prejudicial attitudes cause another group to be TREATED differently from others. ACTION

Back

What does the halo effect refer to in regard to impression bias?

Front

Specific judgements about an individual can be biased by general, more larger impressions. I like Judy, therefore Judy is a good cook.

Back

Describe prejudice from a sociological perspective.

Front

Prejudice is irrational positive or negative feelings toward a group based on little contact with said group. AFFECTIVE

Back

Sociologists may view the perception of another culture as different from one's own but with the recognition that mores, values, and rules fit into that culture itself. What concept does this refer to?

Front

Cultural relativism

Back

The actor-observer bias results from what?

Front

The actor tends to attribute failures to situational factors while the observer tends to attribute failures to dispositional factors.

Back

In general, social perception (social cognition) is what process?

Front

This process is how we make impressions and judgements about other people

Back