Section 1
Preview this deck
Who found out about acceleration?
Front
| 5 | 0 | ||
| 4 | 0 | ||
| 3 | 0 | ||
| 2 | 0 | ||
| 1 | 0 |
Active users
0
All-time users
0
Favorites
0
Last updated
6 years ago
Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (349)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Who found out about acceleration?
Isaac Newton
What is a way that we can reuse nonrenewable resources?
We can reuse nonrenewable resources by recycling them.
Wavelength
The septal attracts insects like bees for pollination. Is this true or false?
False
Newtons
The unit of force
Simple machines makes work ___________________.
easier
The stamen is the female part of the flower. Is this true or false?
False
Crest
In sexual reproduction only one parent is needed. Is this true or false?
False
Amplitude
What is the equation for force?
F=MA
A wedge applies an ______ force that is greater than your ________ force.
output input
What are some natural resources?
Sunlight Fresh water Trees Wind Hydroelectric energy
A screw is an ________________ wrapped around a cylinder.
inclined plane
Acceleration
the product of mass and velocity
The five types of machines are _____, ________ _____, _____, ______, and ____________.
Wedge Pulley Screw Wheel and axle Inclined plane
There are ________ pulleys, ______________ pulleys, ____________ pulleys, and ___________ pulleys.
fixed movable block tackle
What is Newton's first law motion known as?
The law of Inertia
In sexual reproduction it takes less time and energy. Is this true or false?
False
The colorful leaves of the flower is called the petals. Is this true or false?
True
________ is the rate at which velocity changes over time; an object accelerates if it speed, direction, or both change.
Acceleration
1st law
inertia
The filament makes the pollen. Is this true or false?
False
Trough
The style holds up the stigma. Is this true or false?
True
Joules
The unit of force
The anther and the filament are the male parts of the flower. Is this true or false?
True
______ is the female part of flower.
Pistil
Changing the ____ or ________ of the _____ of the force.
Size Direction Input
An inclined plane is a ________ _______ _______.
straight slanted surface
Explain the difference between longitudinal and transverse waves.
Longitudnal waves vibrate back and forth and transverse waves vibrate up and down. Longitudnal waves move parallel to the direction of wave motion and transverse waves move perpendicular to the wave motion to wave motion.
The ______ part of flower consists of three parts.
pistil
All humans go through ______ reproduction.
sexual
M/s²
unit for acceleration
Asexual gamete needs a mate. Is this true or false?
False
How did human resources affect the environment?
The resources release harmful gases, hurting the environment.
How are longitudinal and transverse waves produced and transmitted?
Longitudnal waves are created when particles of a medium vibrate back and forth. It is transmitted by compression and rarefaction. Transverse waves are created when particles of a medium move up and down. They are carried away from its source.
How are nonrenewable and renewable resources different?
Nonrenewable resources can't reproduce at the rate in which humans use them, renewable resources can.
The ______ and the ___________ are male parts of the flower.
Anther filament
A pulley is a grooved _____ that holds a ________.
wheel rope
MA=
L/M
The anther and filament are part of the _____________.
stamen
Speed
distance travelled per unit of time
_________ reproduction takes less time.
Asexual
Screws apply a _____ force through the _____ distance it is pushed.
large short
_____ is a push or pull.
Force
List three examples of each type of wave.
Mechanical- Earthquake, ocean waves, guitar and cello strings Electromagnetic-X-rays, TV and radio signals, and visible light Longitudnal-Sound waves, Seismic waves, spring Transverse-Wave moving on a rope, all electromagnetic waves, cell phone waves
All flowers go through asexual reproduction. Is this true or false?
True
Write a summary about the power point.
There are two types of resources and a way to reuse them is recycling them.
Force
the tendency for an object to resist change
Section 2
(50 cards)
What forms at each boundary?
convergent- mountains divergent- volcanic islands transversal- earthquakes
Plate boundary where tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally
transverse (transform)
trough
the lowest part of a transverse wave
resonance
when one vibrating object causes similar vibrations in another object that is nearby
rest position
the point where the particles of a medium stay where they are no disturbances
Characteristics of the Core
-made mostly of iron and small amounts of nickel -almost no oxygen, silicon, aluminum, or magnesium. -INNER CORE IS SOLID (1,230 km) -OUTER CORE IS LIQUID (2,200 km)
How fast do tectonic plates move per year?
2.5 cm/year
How are surface waves formed and how do they travel?
They form from both longitudinal and transverse waves, they move both perpendicular to the rest plane and in the direction of the longitudinal wave
transverse wave
wave in which the particles in the medium vibrate in an up-and-down motion ripples on a pond wave moving on a rope
diffraction
the bending of waves around a barrier or through an opening
electromagnetic waves
a wave that IS capable of transmitting its energy without a medium light waves UV radiation
Characteristics of the Crust
-thinnest layer of the Earth
How is a machine used to make work easier?
It changes the size and direction of the force.
define medium
any substance through which a wave can travel
Mitosis involves chromosomes. Is this true or false?
True
In your own words, write a definition for each of the following terms: cell cycle and cytokinesis.
Cell Cycle- The cycle of a cell's life Cytokinesis- The division of the cytoplasm
Plate boundary where plates separate
divergent
What are fossil fuels? Are they good or bad for the environment? Why?
A fossil fuel is a nonrenewable energy resource formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived long ago. They are bad for the environment because it creates acid precipitation and smog
Homologous chromosomes involve chromosomes. Is this true or false?
True
Energy can be carried away from its source by a ______
wave
What is the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources?
-nonrenewable resources can't form at the rate at which we consume them and renewable ones can
how are wavelength and frequency related
when wavelength gets bigger, frequency gets smaller inverse relationship
wave speed
the speed at which a wave travels through water or other medium
What are the layers of the Earth?
Crust, Mantle, Core
longitudinal wave
wave in which particles in the medium vibrate back and forth along the path the wave travels sound waves in air
wave
a disturbance that transfers energy through matter and space
How many tectonic plates are there?
10
How are waves produced?
When there is a disturbance in particles
reflection
when a wave bounces back after hitting a barrier an echo, for example (wave interaction)
A wave with a shorter wavelength has _______ energy than a wave with a longer wavelength
more
Plate Boundary where two plates collide
convergent
Tectonic plates
-pieces of the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle -referred to as the lithosphere -100 km thick -made up of oceanic crust and continental crust
crest
the highest point of a transverse wave "B" in the image
What are natural resources? Give examples
Any natural material that is used by humans. Examples: water, trees, petroleum, minerals, sunlight, animals
Cytokinesis means the division of the ________________.
cytoplasm
Is the first phase of mitosis DNA?
False
refraction
BENDING of a wave as it passes at an angle from one medium to another
mechanical waves
A wave that is NOT capable of transmitting its energy through a vacuum Needs a medium example--earthquake
amplitude
Maximum distance a wave vibrates from its rest postition the maximum positive displacement from the undisturbed position of the medium to the top of the crest
The human body cells have 47 chromosomes, or 22 pairs of chromosomes. Is this statement true or false?
False
Characteristics of the Mantle
-thickest layer on earth -liquid -that is where magma lies
frequency
the number of waves produced in a given amount of time
surface wave
a wave that occurs at the boundary between two media when longitudinal and transverse waves combine
Copying chromosomes ensures that each new cell would be an exact copy of its parent cell. Is this statement true or false?
True
What causes waves?
a transfer in energy
label parts of a wave
trough wavelength amplitude crest
What are the names of the tectonic plates?
Pacific Antarctic African Australian North American South American Cocos Indian Eurasian Nazca (PAAANSCIEN)
wavelength
distance between two adjacent compressions
What are the effects of global warming?
-polar ice caps melting -rising sea levels -less biodiversity in the poles -flooding
How do you calculate net force
Adding up the forces acting on an object in the same direction, and subtract forces in the opposite direction.
Section 3
(50 cards)
The unit used to measure force
Newton
The combination of all of the forces acting on an object
net force
example of a pulley
block and tackle
T or F: Speed can be represented on a graph of distance versus time
True
Newton's First Law of Motion
An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion at constant speed an in a straight line unless acted on by an unbalanced force. A golf ball hit by a club
How do you calculate net force of forces acting in the same direction?
If two forces are acting on an object in the same direction then they are added together.
A change in a moving object's speed or direction (speeding up, slowing down, turning)
acceleration
During an experiment, a total of 2,000 J of work was done to lift 5m straight up off the floor. What amount of force is needed?
400 Newtons
T or F: An object is in motion if it changes position over time in relation to a reference point.
True
T or F: Changing direction is the only thing that causes an object to accelerate
False
What does 1 joule equal?
1m times 1N
Speed of an object in a particular direction
velocity
when a wave moves from one medium to another, what happens to its speed
it changes
pulley
A simple machine that consists of a wheel over which a rope, chain, or wire passes
the amount of diffraction depends on its _______ and the size of ___________________ the wave encounter
wavelength barrier or opening
Formula and Unit for Speed
S=D/T m/s
T or F: Speed is the distance traveled by an object divided by the time the object takes to travel that distance
True
example of a screw
corkscrew drill
What is the difference between speed and velocity
Speed is the distance an object can travel in a certain amount of time the velocity is the speed of an object in a certain direction YOU MUST INCLUDE REFERENCE DIRECTION
The distance an object moved over the time in which the motion took place
speed
Work formula
W=FD
Wave speed can be calculated by
wavelength and frequency
example of a lever
hammer
A satellite orbiting Earth at a constant distance moves at a constant speed. Which statement about its velocity is accurate? A. The velocity of the satellite is constant. B. The velocity is changing at all times. C. There is too little information to know whether the velocity is constant.
B. The velocity is changing at all times.
inclined plane
A simple machine that is a straight slanted surface
Example of an everyday simple machines
knife
lever
A bar that pivots at a fixed point called a fulcrum
screw
An inclined plane that is wrapped in a spiral around a cylinder
T or F: Acceleration can be represented by graphing velocity versus time
True
Newton's Third Law of Motion
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction A swimmer's body pushes down on the water, and the water pushes him back to keep him afloat.
How do you correctly label speed and velocity?
speed could be labeled 600 km/h but the velocity would have to be labeled 600 km/h south (or north, west, east)
Newton's Second Law of Motion
acceleration depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied. ALSO It is directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to its mass It is easier to push an empty shopping cart than a full one, because the full shopping cart has more mass than the empty one.
constructive interference
when the crests of one wave overlap the crests of another wave or waves
the frequencies at which standing waves are made are called
resonant frequencies
How do you calculate net force of forces acting in opposite directions?
When two forces act in opposite directions, you subtract the smaller force from the larger force
Formula and Unit for Force
F=MA newtons
the _____ is a measure of the number of waves that pass a point in a given amount of time
frequency
wedge
made up of two inclined planes placed back to back
The 6 simple machines
Levers, Pulleys, Inclined planes, screws, wedges, and wheels & axles
If a wave is traveling a certain speed and you double its frequency, its wavelength will be ------------
cut in half
A force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact
friction
How do you calculate for speed, distance, and time?
S= D/T D= ST T= D/S
Formula and Unit for Acceleration
A=F/M ㎨
What causes an object to accelerate? A. a change in its speed B. a change in direction of motion D. all of the above
A. A change in speed B. A change in direction of motion **D. All of the above
the highest point of a wave is _________ and the lowest is the _________
crest trough
A force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses
gravity
example of an inclined plane
ramp
example of a wedge
knife
wheel and axle
a simple machine consistent of two different circular objects of two different sizes the wheel is larger turning the wheel results in a mechanical advantage of greater than 1
Change in position relative to a reference point
motion
Section 4
(50 cards)
crest
the highest point of a transverse wave "B" in the image
electromagnetic waves
a wave that IS capable of transmitting its energy without a medium light waves UV radiation
wave
a disturbance that transfers energy through matter and space
wavelength
distance between two adjacent compressions
rest position
the point where the particles of a medium stay where they are no disturbances
friction
a force that tends to oppose motion
distance
speed x time
Equation for Newton's Second Law of Motion
Force=mass x acceleration
Energy can be carried away from its source by a ______
wave
What is work
It is when a force causes an object to move in the direction of the force.
How are surface waves formed and how do they travel?
They form from both longitudinal and transverse waves, they move both perpendicular to the rest plane and in the direction of the longitudinal wave
resonance
when one vibrating object causes similar vibrations in another object that is nearby
power is measured in
watts
label parts of a wave
trough wavelength amplitude crest
define medium
any substance through which a wave can travel
A wave with a shorter wavelength has _______ energy than a wave with a longer wavelength
more
If there are no particles to vibrate, no sound can travel true or false?
true
amplitude
Maximum distance a wave vibrates from its rest postition the maximum positive displacement from the undisturbed position of the medium to the top of the crest
three ways to measure wavelength
Crest to Crest Trough to trough Start of wave to start
If a wave is traveling a certain speed and you double its frequency, its wavelength will be ------------
cut in half
How is a machine used to make work easier?
It changes the size and direction of the force.
wave speed
the speed at which a wave travels through water or other medium
diffraction
the bending of waves around a barrier or through an opening
How do you calculate net force
Adding up the forces acting on an object in the same direction, and subtract forces in the opposite direction.
surface wave
a wave that occurs at the boundary between two media when longitudinal and transverse waves combine
speed
distance/time
When forces become unbalanced, ________________ will transfer
energy
Wavelength is measured in the same way in a longitudinal and a transverse wave. True or false
true
acceleration
the rate of change in an object's velocity
What are the units for Work Force Distance?
Joules Newtons m
simple machine
a device that makes work easier, and has few moving parts
mass
the amount of matter in an object
perpendicular
meaning to be at "right angles" as in a transverse wave
reflection
when a wave bounces back after hitting a barrier an echo, for example (wave interaction)
trough
the lowest part of a transverse wave
how are wavelength and frequency related
when wavelength gets bigger, frequency gets smaller inverse relationship
velocity
measure of speed in a given direction
standing wave
a wave that looks as if it is stationary (not moving)
inertia
the tendency to resist changes in motion or position
What causes waves?
a transfer in energy
What are the units for Force Mass & Acceleration?
Newtons Kilograms m/s
Wave speed can be calculated by
wavelength and frequency
mechanical waves
A wave that is NOT capable of transmitting its energy through a vacuum Needs a medium example--earthquake
longitudinal wave
wave in which particles in the medium vibrate back and forth along the path the wave travels sound waves in air
frequency
the number of waves produced in a given amount of time
interference
when two or more waves overlap
What is a sign that work is being done?
The object moves as a force is applied The direction of the object's motion is in the same direction of the force
refraction
BENDING of a wave as it passes at an angle from one medium to another
force
a push or a pull
transverse wave
wave in which the particles in the medium vibrate in an up-and-down motion ripples on a pond wave moving on a rope
Section 5
(50 cards)
The combination of all of the forces acting on an object
net force
It took Jill 5 hours to drive from her home to another city at a speed of 60 km/h. How far was Jill's trip? A. 300 km B. 12 km C. 60 km
300 km
Which of the following is a measurement of velocity? B. 25 m/s2 C. 55 m/h south D. 60 km/h
C. 55 m/h south
What does a simple machine do?
Makes work easier
the frequencies at which standing waves are made are called
resonant frequencies
T or F: Gravity is speed in a given direction
false
How do you calculate for speed, distance, and time?
S= D/T D= ST T= D/S
T or F: Changing direction is the only thing that causes an object to accelerate
False
Change in position relative to a reference point
motion
Example of an everyday simple machines
knife
when a wave moves from one medium to another, what happens to its speed
it changes
T or F: Speed is the distance traveled by an object divided by the time the object takes to travel that distance
True
What does 1 joule equal?
1m times 1N
pulley
A simple machine that consists of a wheel over which a rope, chain, or wire passes
Formula and Unit for Speed
S=D/T m/s
inclined plane
A simple machine that is a straight slanted surface
If you were driving a car and wanted to accelerate at a rate of -10 m/s/s, what would you do? A. Step on the brake B. Step on the gas C. Open the windows
A. Step on the brake
Work formula
W=FD
During an experiment, a total of 2,000 J of work was done to lift 5m straight up off the floor. What amount of force is needed?
400 Newtons
A change in a moving object's speed or direction (speeding up, slowing down, turning)
acceleration
Newton's First Law of Motion
An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion at constant speed an in a straight line unless acted on by an unbalanced force.
Newton's Second Law of Motion
acceleration depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied. ALSO It is directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to its mass
T or F: Acceleration can be represented by graphing velocity versus time
True
What is the difference between speed and velocity
Speed is the distance an object can travel in a certain amount of time the velocity is the speed of an object in a certain direction YOU MUST INCLUDE REFERENCE DIRECTION
How do you correctly label speed and velocity?
speed could be labeled 600 km/h but the velocity would have to be labeled 600 km/h south (or north, west, east)
T or F: Speed can be represented on a graph of distance versus time
True
How do you calculate net force of forces acting in the same direction?
If two forces are acting on an object in the same direction then they are added together.
the highest point of a wave is _________ and the lowest is the _________
crest trough
A force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact
friction
constructive interference
when the crests of one wave overlap the crests of another wave or waves
lever
A bar that pivots at a fixed point called a fulcrum
T or F: An object is in motion if it changes position over time in relation to a reference point.
True
A force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses
gravity
Formula and Unit for Acceleration
A=F/M ㎨
Speed of an object in a particular direction
velocity
How do you calculate net force of forces acting in opposite directions?
When two forces act in opposite directions, you subtract the smaller force from the larger force
the _____ is a measure of the number of waves that pass a point in a given amount of time
frequency
The unit used to measure force
Newton
The steps to the engineering design process
Define the problem Do background research Specify requirements Brainstorm, evaluate, and choose solution Develop and prototype solution Test solution Communicate results
Newton's Third Law of Motion
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
What causes an object to accelerate? A. a change in its speed B. a change in direction of motion D. all of the above
A. A change in speed B. A change in direction of motion **D. All of the above
The distance an object moved over the time in which the motion took place
speed
the amount of diffraction depends on its _______ and the size of ___________________ the wave encounter
wavelength barrier or opening
screw
An inclined plane that is wrapped in a spiral around a cylinder
How do you calculate momentum?
P=MxV (in this equation m is mass in kg) momentum has direction units: kg∙m/s north (south, east or west)
T or F: Mass is the rate at which velocity changes
False
Formula and Unit for Force
F=MA newtons
The 6 simple machines
Levers, Pulleys, Inclined planes, screws, wedges, and wheels & axles
A satellite orbiting Earth at a constant distance moves at a constant speed. Which statement about its velocity is accurate? A. The velocity of the satellite is constant. B. The velocity is changing at all times. C. There is too little information to know whether the velocity is constant.
B. The velocity is changing at all times.
wedge
A pair of inclined planes that move
Section 6
(50 cards)
What are Alleles?
The different forms of a trait that a gene may have
What is a sign that work is being done?
The object moves as a force is applied The direction of the object's motion is in the same direction of the force
example of an inclined plane
ramp
Dominant
Traits that can be seen
What is a Phenotype?
The way an organism looks, the physical make-up ex: red hair or brown hair
What is a dominant trait?
The trait that is observed in the offspring (that you can see)
What are genetics?
study of heredity
Genotype
Physical traits in letters
In a Punnett square, recessive traits are ___________
lowercase
Heredity
The passing of traits from parents to offspring
What is a trait?
A distinct characteristic of an organism that is normally inherited (something that you can see) EX: hair color, eye color
Homozygous
A plant or animal with 2 dominant or recessive traits
XX
Female
XY
Male
Recessive
Traits that cannot be seen
DNA is located on each __________
gene
All people have ________ genes for each trait, one from mom and one from dad
two
Gregor Mendel discovered how _______ were inherited
traits
Gregor Mendel was known as what?
The father of Genetics
What is asexual reproduction?
Occurs when 1 organism copies itself to produce offspring (mitosis)
Each parent contains ______ alleles for every trait
two EX: for hair color, one allele could be for brown hair and one could be an allele for blonde hair
What is a Punnett square?
A grid system used to predict the possible outcomes of the mating process between two individuals
What are recessive traits?
Traits that are hidden
What does homozygous mean?
if the two alleles for a trait are the same ex: AA or aa
Gene
The instructions for an inherited gene
Probability
The mathematical chance of something happening
Heterozygous
A plant or animal with 1 dominant trait and 1 recessive trait
example of a lever
hammer
What is a Genotype?
The gene combination of an organism
Heterozygous
A plant or animal with 2 dominant or recessive traits
What is another name of a homozygous trait?
purebred
The 4 bases of DNA
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine,& Cytosine
Heredity
The passing of traits from parents to offspring
What is heredity?
the passing of traits from parents to offspring
example of a screw
corkscrew drill
What does heterozygous mean?
if the two alleles for a trait are different ex: Aa
What is a gene?
A specific location on a chromosome
What are chromosomes?
packaging for DNA made up of different genes
example of a pulley
block and tackle
example of a wedge
knife
DNA
MOLECULE that is present in all living cells and that contains INFORMATION that determines the TRAITS that a living thing inherits and needs to live.
Probability
The mathematical chance of something happening
Phenotype
Physical traits in words
What is sexual reproduction?
Sperm fertilizes an egg to produce offspring (meiosis)
Whats another name for heterozygous trait
hybrid
In a Punnett square, dominant traits are ________________
uppercase
DNA is made up of __________ base pairs.
four
wheel and axle
a simple machine consistent of two different circular objects of two different sizes the wheel is larger turning the wheel results in a mechanical advantage of greater than 1
Chromosome
The structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA
How are Genes, DNA, and Chromosomes related?
DNA------> Genes -------> Chromosomes several strands of DNA together are a gene, and genes are sections of chromosomes
Section 7
(50 cards)
organism
anything that can perform life processes by itself
Genotype
Physical traits in letters
Dominant
Traits that can be seen
passive transport
the movement of particles across a cell membrane without the use of energy
Nuclear membrane
dissolves in metaphase and forms around the two new sets of chromosomes in telophase
DNA
A molecule that is present in all living cells and that contains information that determines the traits that a living thing inherits and needs to live.
a meter stick measures _______ in _____
length meters
XY
Male
osmosis
the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high to an area of low concentration
Spindle fibers
Separates the chromosomes
differences in diffusion and osmosis
osmosis involves WATER across a membrane from high to low concentration diffusion is the movement of other molecules or substances from areas of high to areas of low concentration
active transport
the process of transporting particles that requires the cell to use energy
exocytosis
A process in which a cell releases substances to the extracellular environment by fusing a vesicular membrane with the plasma membrane, separating the membrane at the point of fusion and allowing the substance to be released.
chlorophyll
a green pigment that absorbs light energy
mitosis
in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes
Centrioles
Helps with formation of the spindle fibers
endocytosis
the process by which a cell membrane surrounds the particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle
Chromosomes
In eukaryotic cells, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein. In prokaryotic cell, its the main ring of DNA.
eukaryotic
cells that have a nucleus
Homozygous
A plant or animal with 1 dominant trait and 1 recessive trait
organ system
a group of organs working together to perform a particular job
organ
a group of tissues
graduated cylinder measures ___________ in ______
volume liters
anaphase
The chromatids separate and move to the opposite sides of the cell
What is a cell?
the smallest unit that can perform all the processes necessary for life
prokaryotic
cells with no nucleus
telophase
When a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes and the chromosomes unwind.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide cycle
Animals produce carbon dioxide which is used by plants, who make oxygen that is used by the animals
cellular respiration
the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food
purpose of cellular respiration
to produce energy
The 4 bases of DNA
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine,& Cytosine
Interphase
Before mitosis begins, chromosomes are copied
diffusion
the movement from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
What is the difference between the cell cycle and mitosis?
Cell cycle-The life cycle of the cell Mitosis-the process in which chromosomes condense and separate
Phenotype
Physical traits in words
XX
Female
a balance measures ___ in ______
mass grams
Equation of cellular respiration
glucose + oxygen => carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP) C6H12O6 + O2=> CO2 + H2O + energy (ATP)
photosynthesis
the process by which plants make their own food
purpose of photosynthesis
making food
Recessive
Traits that cannot be seen
What is the cell cycle?
the life cycle of a cell
why does active transport use energy
so that particles can move "uphill" from low concentration to high concentration
Gene
The instructions for an inherited gene
Photosynthesis equation
carbon dioxide + water + light =>glucose + oxygen CO2 + H2O + light +=> C6H12O6 + O2
What is a tissue?
a group of cells that work together to perform a specific job
prophase
Chromosomes condense from long strands to rodlike structures
Chromosome
The structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA
metaphase
When the nuclear membrane is dissolved and paired chromosomes line up in the center of the cell
a scale measures _______ in________
weight newtons
Section 8
(50 cards)
major organs of the muscular system
3 types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, skeletal
In a Punnett square, recessive traits are ___________
lowercase
Prophase
When chromosomes condense from long strands to rodlike structures
circulatory (cardiovascular) system
your heart pumps blood through all of your blood vessels
major organs of the respiratory system
lungs
major organs of digestive system
stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine, esophagus
What happens during cytokinesis?
The cell's cytoplasm splits
petal
the colorful part of the flower that attracts insects and even other small animals, such as mice, birds, and bats
In a Punnett square, dominant traits are ________________
uppercase
ovary
where the ovules are stored until fertilization
What is a receptacle?
the part of the branch on which a flower forms
sepal
leaf like structures that surround and protect the flower before it blooms
DNA is made up of __________ base pairs.
four
What is a dominant trait?
The trait that is observed in the offspring (that you can see)
What is a gene?
A specific location on a chromosome
What are Alleles?
The different forms of a trait that a gene may have
What are chromosomes?
packaging for DNA made up of different genes
nervous system
your nervous system receives and sends electrical messages throughout your body
filament
supports the anther of the stamen
stamens
the male reproductive structures
pistil
what the carpels fuse together to form
major organs of the integumentary system
hair, skin and nails
respiratory system
your lungs absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide
major organs of the nervous system
brain, nerves, spinal cord
muscular system
your muscular system works with the skeletal system to help you move
How are Genes, DNA, and Chromosomes related?
DNA------> Genes -------> Chromosomes several strands of DNA together are a gene, and genes are sections of chromosomes
sperm
from the pollen travels down this a tube to the ovules
DNA is located on each __________
gene
digestive system
breaks down food you eat into nutrients
stigma
the top of the pistil that is often sticky and is where the pollen attaches
style
the long tube that attaches the stigma to the ovary
What is a trait?
A distinct characteristic of an organism that is normally inherited (something that you can see) EX: hair color, eye color
Gregor Mendel discovered how _______ were inherited
traits
integumentary system
your skin, hair, and nails protect the tissue that lies beneath them
ovules (eggs)
stored in the ovary until they are fertilized
carpels
the female reproductive structures
cytokinesis
The division of the cytoplasm of a cell
What is a Genotype?
The gene combination of an organism
skeletal system
your bones provide a frame to support and protect your body parts.
major organs of the circulatory system
heart, blood vessels
Gregor Mendel was known as what?
The father of Genetics
fruit
any structure that encloses and protects a seed
Each parent contains ______ alleles for every trait
two EX: for hair color, one allele could be for brown hair and one could be an allele for blonde hair
What are recessive traits?
Traits that are hidden
anther
part of the stamen that produces pollen
What is heredity?
the passing of traits from parents to offspring
All people have ________ genes for each trait, one from mom and one from dad
two
parts of a flower
major organs of the skeletal system
bones, bone marrow
What are genetics?
study of heredity
Section 9
(50 cards)
prophase
Chromosomes condense from long strands to rodlike structures
Prophase
When chromosomes condense from long strands to rodlike structures
Oxygen and carbon dioxide cycle
Animals produce carbon dioxide which is used by plants, who make oxygen that is used by the animals
graduated cylinder measures ___________ in ______
volume liters
What is sexual reproduction?
Sperm fertilizes an egg to produce offspring (meiosis)
organism
anything that can perform life processes by itself
organ system
a group of organs working together to perform a particular job
What is a Punnett square?
A grid system used to predict the possible outcomes of the mating process between two individuals
prokaryotic
cells with no nucleus
a balance measures ___ in ______
mass grams
cytokinesis
The division of the cytoplasm of a cell
What is the difference between the cell cycle and mitosis?
Cell cycle-The life cycle of the cell Mitosis-the process in which chromosomes condense and separate
Chromosomes
In eukaryotic cells, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein. In prokaryotic cell, its the main ring of DNA.
mitosis
in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes
active transport
the process of transporting particles that requires the cell to use energy
What does homozygous mean?
if the two alleles for a trait are the same ex: AA or aa
osmosis
the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high to an area of low concentration
tissue
a group of cells that work together to perform a specific job
Spindle fibers
Separates the chromosomes
Photosynthesis equation
carbon dioxide + water + light =>glucose + oxygen CO2 + H2O + light +=> C6H12O6 + O2
What is asexual reproduction?
Occurs when 1 organism copies itself to produce offspring (mitosis)
photosynthesis
the process by which plants make their own food
differences in diffusion and osmosis
osmosis involves WATER across a membrane from high to low concentration diffusion is the movement of other molecules or substances from areas of high to areas of low concentration
why does active transport use energy
so that particles can move "uphill" from low concentration to high concentration
eukaryotic
cells that have a nucleus
purpose of cellular respiration
to produce energy
cellular respiration
the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food
Centrioles
Helps with formation of the spindle fibers
exocytosis
A process in which a cell releases substances to the extracellular environment by fusing a vesicular membrane with the plasma membrane, separating the membrane at the point of fusion and allowing the substance to be released.
cell
the smallest unit that can perform all the processes necessary for life
Interphase
Before mitosis begins, chromosomes are copied
telophase
When a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes and the chromosomes unwind.
What is the cell cycle?
the life cycle of a cell
What is a Phenotype?
The way an organism looks, the physical make-up ex: red hair or brown hair
Equation of cellular respiration
glucose + oxygen => carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP) C6H12O6 + O2=> CO2 + H2O + energy (ATP)
chlorophyll
a green pigment that absorbs light energy
organ
a group of tissues
What happens during cytokinesis?
The cell's cytoplasm splits
metaphase
When the nuclear membrane is dissolved and paired chromosomes line up in the center of the cell
purpose of photosynthesis
making food
a scale measures _______ in________
weight newtons
diffusion
the movement from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
What does heterozygous mean?
if the two alleles for a trait are different ex: Aa
Nuclear membrane
dissolves in metaphase and forms around the two new sets of chromosomes in telophase
What is another name of a homozygous trait?
purebred
anaphase
The chromatids separate and move to the opposite sides of the cell
Whats another name for heterozygous trait
hybrid
a meter stick measures _______ in _____
length meters
endocytosis
the process by which a cell membrane surrounds the particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle
passive transport
the movement of particles across a cell membrane without the use of energy
Section 10
(50 cards)
organism
anything that can perform life processes by itself
Photosynthesis equation
carbon dioxide + water + light =>glucose + oxygen CO2 + H2O + light +=> C6H12O6 + O2
exocytosis
A process in which a cell releases substances to the extracellular environment by fusing a vesicular membrane with the plasma membrane, separating the membrane at the point of fusion and allowing the substance to be released.
purpose of cellular respiration
to produce energy
major organs of digestive system
stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine, esophagus
a scale measures _______ in________
weight newtons
muscular system
your muscular system works with the skeletal system to help you move
Oxygen and carbon dioxide cycle
Animals produce carbon dioxide which is used by plants, who make oxygen that is used by the animals
nervous system
your nervous system receives and sends electrical messages throughout your body
purpose of photosynthesis
making food
Lysosome
An organelle that digests food
organ system
a group of organs working together to perform a particular job
diffusion
the movement from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
eukaryotic
cells that have a nucleus
Ribosome
Organelles that make protein
endoplasmic reticulum ER
System of folded membranes in which ribosomes are made
passive transport
the movement of particles across a cell membrane without the use of energy
cell
the smallest unit that can perform all the processes necessary for life
major organs of the nervous system
brain, nerves, spinal cord
digestive system
breaks down food you eat into nutrients
chlorophyll
a green pigment that absorbs light energy
differences in diffusion and osmosis
osmosis involves WATER across a membrane from high to low concentration diffusion is the movement of other molecules or substances from areas of high to areas of low concentration
graduated cylinder measures ___________ in ______
volume liters
organ
a group of tissues
a meter stick measures _______ in _____
length meters
skeletal system
your bones provide a frame to support and protect your body parts.
osmosis
the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high to an area of low concentration
major organs of the integumentary system
hair, skin and nails
integumentary system
your skin, hair, and nails protect the tissue that lies beneath them
prokaryotic
cells with no nucleus
major organs of the circulatory system
heart, blood vessels
photosynthesis
the process by which plants make their own food
Cell membrane
Forms a barrier between the cell and its environment
circulatory (cardiovascular) system
your heart pumps blood through all of your blood vessels
major organs of the skeletal system
bones, bone marrow
Golgi body
helps make and package materials
tissue
a group of cells that work together to perform a specific job
cellular respiration
the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food
parts of a flower
respiratory system
your lungs absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide
Cell wall
a rigid structure that gives support to a plant cell
What happens during Interphase of mitosis?
Before mitosis begins
major organs of the respiratory system
lungs
a balance measures ___ in ______
mass grams
active transport
the process of transporting particles that requires the cell to use energy
major organs of the muscular system
3 types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, skeletal
endocytosis
the process by which a cell membrane surrounds the particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle
why does active transport use energy
so that particles can move "uphill" from low concentration to high concentration
Equation of cellular respiration
glucose + oxygen => carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP) C6H12O6 + O2=> CO2 + H2O + energy (ATP)
Cytoplasm
The fluid in a cell
Section 11
(50 cards)
Organelles
Structures that are usually surrounded by membranes and which perform specific functions for the cell
purpose of cellular respiration
to produce energy
cytokinesis
the division of the cytoplasm
mitosis
the complicated process by which chromosomes condense and separate
Photosynthesis equation
carbon dioxide + water + light =>glucose + oxygen CO2 + H2O + light +=> C6H12O6 + O2
Chloroplasts
converts sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into ATP
chlorophyll
a green pigment that absorbs light energy
Vacuole
Aids in Digestion and stores digestive enzymes
cell
the smallest unit that can perform all the processes necessary for life
Equation of cellular respiration
glucose + oxygen => carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP) C6H12O6 + O2=> CO2 + H2O + energy (ATP)
organelle
structures that perform specific functions within the cell
purpose of cellular respiration
to produce energy
cell
the smallest unit that can perform all the processes necessary for life
purpose of photosynthesis
making food
Nucleolus
Makes ribosomes
tissue
a group of cells that work together to perform a specific job
active transport
the process of transporting particles that requires the cell to use energy
organ
a group of tissues
diffusion
the movement from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
passive transport
the movement of particles across a cell membrane without the use of energy
interphase
when the cell grows and copies its organelles and chromosomes
differences in diffusion and osmosis
osmosis involves WATER across a membrane from high to low concentration diffusion is the movement of other molecules or substances from areas of high to areas of low concentration
prokaryotic
cells with no nucleus
a balance measures ___ in ______
mass grams
cellular respiration
the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food
tissue
a group of cells that work together to perform a specific job
organism
anything that can perform life processes by itself
why does active transport use energy
so that particles can move "uphill" from low concentration to high concentration
Nucleus
Brain of the cell contains the cell's DNA
organ
a group of tissues
purpose of photosynthesis
making food
organism
anything that can perform life processes by itself
Photosynthesis equation
carbon dioxide + water + light =>glucose + oxygen CO2 + H2O + light +=> C6H12O6 + O2
endocytosis
the process by which a cell membrane surrounds the particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle
photosynthesis
the process by which plants make their own food
chlorophyll
a green pigment that absorbs light energy
graduated cylinder measures ___________ in ______
volume liters
Cytoskeleton
Keeps the membrane from collapsing and helps the cell move
organ system
a group of organs working together to perform a particular job
a meter stick measures _______ in _____
length meters
organ system
a group of organs working together to perform a particular job
cellular respiration
the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food
osmosis
the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high to an area of low concentration
Oxygen and carbon dioxide cycle
Animals produce carbon dioxide which is used by plants, who make oxygen that is used by the animals
a scale measures _______ in________
weight newtons
Mitochondria
Breaks down sugar to produce energy powerhouse of the cell
photosynthesis
the process by which plants make their own food
eukaryotic
cells that have a nucleus
exocytosis
A process in which a cell releases substances to the extracellular environment by fusing a vesicular membrane with the plasma membrane, separating the membrane at the point of fusion and allowing the substance to be released.
label vacuole Golgi comples lysosome smooth ER nucleus cytoplasm nucleolus DNA rough ER ribosome cell membrane
Section 12
(17 cards)