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Neutron

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Chemistry Science

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Last updated

6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (87)

Section 1

(50 cards)

Neutron

Front

A subatomic particle with no charge/neutral and a mass of 1 amu; found in the nucleus of an atom

Back

Dalton's Atomic Theory

Front

First theory to relate chemical changes to events at the atomic level; matter made of atoms; atoms of an element are identical in mass and properties; 2 or more different atoms make a compound; chemical reactions are a rearrangement of atoms; atoms combine in whole-number ratios

Back

Electron Configuration

Front

the arrangement of electrons if an atom in its ground stay into various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms Ex: Se has an electron configuration of 2-8-18-4

Back

Physical Property

Front

A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substances Ex: hardness, color, conductivity, and malleability

Back

Phase

Front

any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties

Back

Trend

Front

left to right/top to bottom- atomic number/number of protons increases

Back

Atomic Mass Unit (amu)

Front

a unit of mass that describes the mass of an atom or molecule (protons & neutrons)

Back

GroUP/Family

Front

18 vertical column of electrons in the periodic table; similar properties; same reactivity; same number of VE

Back

Atom

Front

The smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a chemical reaction

Back

Protons

Front

A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom; identifies the atom; same as the atomic number; has mass

Back

Mass Number

Front

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Back

Rutherford Experiment

Front

Beamed a light through a sheet of gold to have the light beam against a fluoresent screen

Back

Noble Gases

Front

an element in group 8a of the periodic table; the s and p sub levels of the highest occupied energy level are filled; inert/non-reactive; stable elements; have 8 VE on outer most shell (He only needs/has 2 VE) ex: He, Ne, Ar, Kr are just a few in this family

Back

Ion

Front

an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge

Back

Element

Front

simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties; an element cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means ex; carbon

Back

Chemical Reaction

Front

a change in which one or more reactants change into one or more products; characterized by the breaking of bonds in reactants and the formation of bonds in products

Back

Anion

Front

any atom or group of atoms with a negative charge

Back

Product

Front

a substance produced in a chemical reaction; to the right of the arrow (yields symbol)

Back

Solid

Front

A form of matter that has a definite shape and volume

Back

Chemical symbol

Front

A one or two letter representation of an element (for example, Na, H, C, etc.). The first letter is always capitalized (if there is one, the second letter is not).

Back

Mass

Front

A measure of an amount of matter that an object contains; the SI base unit of mass is the kilogram

Back

Solution

Front

A homogeneous mixture; consists of solutes dissolved in a solvent

Back

Metal

Front

one of a class of elements that are good conductors of heat and electric current; metals tend to be ductile and malleable and shiny/luster; found in the periodic table on the left side

Back

Homogeneous mixture

Front

A mixture that is uniform in composition; components are evenly distributed are not easily distinguished Ex: oil and vinegar

Back

Atomic Number

Front

The number of protons (always the same as the atomic number) in the nucleus of an atom of an element

Back

Chemical Change

Front

A change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter Ex: bike turning into rust

Back

Volume

Front

A measure of the space occupied by a sample of matter; SI units milliliters

Back

Cation

Front

any atom or group of atoms with a positive charge

Back

Alkali Metals

Front

any metal in group 1A of the periodic table; all have 1 VE; most reactive metal group; ex: Na, Li, K

Back

Substance

Front

Matter that has a uniform and definite composition; either an element or a compound; also called pure substance Ex: aluminum and copper

Back

Liquid

Front

A form of matter that flows, has an indefinite shape and fixed volume

Back

Mixture

Front

A physical blend of two or more substances that are not chemically combined Ex: sand and water

Back

Octet Rule

Front

atoms react by gaining or losing electrons so as to acquire the stable electron structure of a noble gas, usually eight valence electrons; (we've called this the "V of Reactivity")

Back

Compound

Front

a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion

Back

Period

Front

a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table; same number of electron shells; a total of 7

Back

Valence Electrons

Front

The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom; these are the electrons involved in forming bonds; determine the reactivity of an atom

Back

Law of Conservation of Mass

Front

in any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved; mass can be neither created nor destroyed

Back

Halogens

Front

a nonmetal in group 7A of the periodic table; most reactive nonmetal group; all have 7 VE; ex: F, Cl, Br, I

Back

Heterogeneous

Front

Mixture that is not uniform in composition; components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture Ex: hard boil eggs in water

Back

Electron/Lewis Dot Structure

Front

a notation that depicts valence electrons as dots around the atomic symbol of the element; the symbol represents the inner electrons and atomic nucleus; also called the Lewis dot structure; used to determine how elements bond to become stable

Back

Nonmetal

Front

an element that tends to be a poor conductor of heat and electric current; crumbly; brittle; dull; nonmetals generally have properties opposite to those of metals; found all the way on the right of the periodic table

Back

Bohr model

Front

describes how electrons have orbits around the nucleus; 1st (K) 2; 2nd (L) 8; 3rd (M) 18; 4th (N) 32

Back

Electronegativity

Front

the ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound

Back

Electrons

Front

Negatively charged subatomic particle; found in electron cloud; very little mass

Back

Periodicity

Front

when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties

Back

Reactant

Front

a substance present at the start of a reaction; on the left side of the arrow (yield symbol)

Back

Alkaline Earth Metals

Front

any metal in group 2a of the periodic table; all have 2 VE; ex: Be, Mg, Sr are some of the elements in this family

Back

Chemical Property

Front

the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change

Back

Transition Metals

Front

groups 3-12 and periods 4-7 on the periodic table

Back

Physical Change

Front

A change during which some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change Ex: cutting a piece of paper

Back

Section 2

(37 cards)

Covalent Bond

Front

a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons; ex: CO2

Back

Synthesis Reaction (combination reaction)

Front

a chemical change in which an two or more substances react to form a single new substance also called a synthesis reaction

Back

APE } M-A=N

Front

Atomic Number = +Protons = -Electrons } Mass - A# = Neutrons

Back

Ernest Rutherford

Front

gold foil experiment- fired negative ions (alpha particles) at a thin sheet of gold foil, discovered that a positively charged nucleus exists because a few of the negatively charged particles deflected from a centrally located mass; atom is mostly empty space because most of the particles went through the foil

Back

Double Covalent Bond

Front

a bond in which two atoms she two pairs of electrons

Back

Sublimation

Front

the process in which a solid changes to a gas or vapor without passing through the liquid state

Back

Ionic Bond

Front

Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another; H-Cl

Back

Single Covalent Bond

Front

a bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons

Back

Kinetic Energy

Front

the energy an object has because of its motion

Back

Double Replacement

Front

a chemical change that involves an exchange of positive ions between two compounds

Back

Solvent/Solute

Front

the dissolving medium in a solvent/ dissolved particles in a solution

Back

Single Replacement

Front

a chemical change in which one element replaces a second element in a compound also called a displacement reaction

Back

Potential Energy

Front

The energy of a particle or system of particles derived from position, or condition, rather than motion. A raised weight, coiled spring, or charged battery has potential energy

Back

Chemical Equations

Front

an expression representing a chemical reaction; the formulas of the reactants (on the left) are connected by an arrow with the formulas for the products (on the right)

Back

Boiling Point

Front

the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is just equal to the external pressure on the liquid; boiling point of water is 100 C or 212 F

Back

Carbon Family

Front

Group 4A of the periodic table. The elements have variable chemical activity and usually have an oxidation number of +4 or -4, depending on the other elements they bond with.

Back

Heat of Fusion

Front

Amount of energy required to change a substance from the solid phase to the liquid phase

Back

Evaporation

Front

vaporization that occurs at the surface of a liquid that is not boiling

Back

Metalloids

Front

Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals; found between the metals and nonmetals; make a zigzag line on periodic table

Back

Freezing Point

Front

the temp at which a liquid changes to a solid; freezing point of water is 0 degrees celsius

Back

Diatomic Molecule

Front

a molecule that consists of two atoms of the same element

Back

Combustion Reaction

Front

a chemical change in which an element or a compound reacts with oxygen often producing energy in the form of heat and light

Back

Heat of Vaporization

Front

the energy a substance must absorb in order to change from a liquid to a gas

Back

Dmitri Mendeleev

Front

Russian chemist who developed a periodic table of the chemical elements and predicted the discovery of several new elements (1834-1907)

Back

Boron Family

Front

Group 13, 3 valance electrons, both metals and metalloids

Back

Melting Point

Front

the temp at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid; the melting point of water is 0 degrees celsius

Back

JJ Tomson

Front

Discovered 1st atomic particle, the electron; preformed cathode ray experiment where he discovered a stream of negatively charged gases that were attracted to a positively charged plate; Plum pudding model

Back

Gas

Front

a state of matter with no definite shape or volume; when water is in this state, it is called "water vapor," and you cannot see it; when water is in its gaseous state, the temperatures are warm; water molecules are farther apart than when in liquid or solid form

Back

Balanced Equations

Front

a chemical equation in which mass is conserved; each side of the equation has the same number of atoms of each element STEP 1: identify each element in the equation STEP 2: make sure that the net charge on both sides of the equation are the same STEP 3: change the coefficients so each side matches STEP 4: check worK

Back

Neils Bohr

Front

said that electrons are in energy levels, the further an electron was from the nucleus, the higher its energy; electrons orbit the nucleus; electrons can jump to lower levels causing light to be emitted or absorbed; Bohr Model

Back

Decomposition Reaction

Front

a chemical change in which a single compound is broken into two or more simpler products

Back

Polyatomic Ion

Front

a tightly bound group of atoms that behaves as a unit and has a motive or negative charge

Back

Oxygen Family

Front

Group 6A of the periodic table. Most elements in this chemically reactive family have 6 VE and an oxidation number of -2.

Back

Molecular/Chemical Formula

Front

a chemical formula of a molecular compound that shows the kinds and numbers of atoms present in a molecule of a compound

Back

Nitrogen Family

Front

Group 5A; 5 valence electrons; wide range of physical properties; Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere and an important element in living things

Back

Deposition

Front

gas to solid

Back

Vaporization

Front

the conservation of a liquid to a gas or a vapor

Back