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Biochemistry II - Fatty Acid Oxidation

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Section 1

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In the fasting state, what will the liver do to the AcCoA produced in β-oxidation?

Front

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6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (12)

Section 1

(12 cards)

In the fasting state, what will the liver do to the AcCoA produced in β-oxidation?

Front

Convert it into ketone bodies, which can be used by various tissue for energy (skeletal, cardiac, and renal)

Back

Ketogenesis and ketolysis both occur during a fasting state. Where do these processes occur?

Front

Ketogenesis occurs in the liver, however, the liver lacks the enzymes to break these down. Ketolysis occurs in the skeletal muscle and brain, which can utilize these as a source of energy to produce AcCoA.

Back

Why are ketone bodies useful to the brain when gluconeogenesis could occur?

Front

This spares essential proteins in the body, which otherwise would be degraded to form glucose (releasing harmful nitrogen species as well). This ensures the brain will have enough energy.

Back

T/F Unsaturated long-chain fatty acids are oxidized in the same manner as saturated long-chain fatty acids.

Front

F These require two additional enzymes due to stereochemistry differences because of the double bond(s)

Back

Where does β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids occur?

Front

This occurs in the mitochondria. The carnitine acyltransferase I shuttle transports the long-chain FA into the mitochondria from the cytoplasm.

Back

What are the different uses of carbon skeletons of amino acids produced during amino acid degradation?

Front

Can be used for ketone body production, AcCoA production, or glucose production.

Back

Amino acids release nitrogen, which is converted into ammonia, a potential toxin. What is the cycle that removes this potential toxin from the body?

Front

The urea cycle

Back

In general terms, what are the three products formed in the four-step cycle of β-oxidation?

Front

AcCoA, FADH₂, and NADH

Back

Under which conditions are proteins utilized as sources of energy?

Front

Dire, extreme starvation, as proteins are necessary to other functions.

Back

Where does protein digestion primarily occur in the body?

Front

Small intestine

Back

What is the rate limiting enzyme of β-oxidation? What does this enzyme do?

Front

Carnitine acyltransferase I This transports long-chain FA into the mitochondria for metabolism

Back

Differentiate between the β-oxidation and fatty acid synthesis "tags" used.

Front

AcP (acyl carrier protein) is used for fatty acid synthesis CoA is used for β-oxidation (universal oxidation tag)

Back