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Section 1

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Pianissimo

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Last updated

6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (66)

Section 1

(50 cards)

Pianissimo

Front

Very soft (dynamics)

Back

Ritornello

Front

Italian for "little return" name for the statement and return of the full ensemble, in a work alternating between the orchestra and soloist or soloists.

Back

Harmony

Front

Harmony is Vertical or Horizontal. Vertical as one stacked on top of each other one voice. Horizontal is staggered think of choruses of row, row, row, your boat.

Back

Duple meter

Front

Only two beats to each measure

Back

Coda

Front

Italian for "tail." A section at the end of a musical work or movement that stands outside any formal structure and brings the whole to a close.

Back

Dynamics

Front

The volume of sound.

Back

Conjunct Motion

Front

Notes move smoothly in stepwise fashion. Smooth, stepwise motion with notes very close to each other.

Back

Contrast

Front

Says something all together different (Form)

Back

Chord

Front

3 or more notes played at the same time

Back

Largo

Front

Slow

Back

Melody

Front

A single line of notes heard in succession as a coherent unit. Conjunct Motion or Disjunct Motion Conjunct = Notes move smoothly in stepwise fashion. Smooth, stepwise motion with notes very close to each other. Disjunct = Motion by leaps, especially large leaps.

Back

Disjunct Motion

Front

Motion moves by leaps, especially large leaps.

Back

Concerto

Front

Instrumental work for a soloist.

Back

Sonata

Front

A type of instrumental genre, usually for one or two instruments; literally, a work that is played, as opposed to sung ("cantata")

Back

Harmony

Front

The sound created by multiple voices playing or singing together.

Back

Fugue

Front

A polyphonic work based on a central theme and employing imitation. (Form)

Back

Mezzo Piano

Front

Moderately soft (dynamics)

Back

Grave

Front

Very slow

Back

Adagio

Front

Moderately slow

Back

Rhythm

Front

The ordering of music through time (1-2-3, 1-2-3) or (1-2-3-4, 1-2-3-4) Beat Duple meter only two beat to each measure (1-2, 1-2) Triple Meter (1-2-3, 1-2-3)

Back

Andante

Front

Walking Tempo

Back

Andantino

Front

A little faster than Andante

Back

Through Composed

Front

Nothing repeated one continuous string.

Back

Opera

Front

A drama sung from beginning to end.

Back

Harmony

Front

The sound created by multiple notes played or sung simultaneously.

Back

Vocal Works

Front

Vocal works (sacred and secular) were the predominant form of music throughout the medieval and Renaissance periods; instrumental music served chiefly as accompaniment for singers or dancers.

Back

Beat

Front

Duple meter only two beat to each measure 1-2, 1-2 Triple Meter 1-2-3, 1-2-3

Back

Vivace

Front

Lively

Back

Repetition

Front

says what was just said (Form)

Back

Pitch

Front

The position of a sound.

Back

Fortissimo

Front

Very Loud

Back

Forte

Front

Loud (dynamics)

Back

Meter

Front

An underlying pattern of beats that maintains itself consistently throughout a work.

Back

Fugal exposition

Front

The opening section of a fugue, in which all the voices enter with the main subject.

Back

Genre

Front

Genre is the category of the given work. Symphony Sonata Song Anthem Chant Religious Dance Fugue Concerto Oratorio Cantata (written for the church) If from protestant church = Anthem Aria = solo voice. Opera buffa (comic opera). String quartet. Symphony.

Back

Form

Front

The structure of a musical work, the way in which its individual units are put together. Form has 3 possibilities 1) Repetition 2) Variation and 3) Contrast 4) Fugee 5) Ritornello Repetition = says what was just said word Variation = repeat what was just said with a slightly different variation. Contrast = Say something altogether different. Ritornello= The them is repeated throughout the piece. Minuet = Rondo = Sonata Allegro = Concerto form = AA Or AABC or ABA

Back

Dynamics

Front

A term used to indicate the volume of the sound. from soft to loud. Pianissimo = Very soft (pp) Piano= soft (p) Mezzo-Piano = moderately soft (mp) Mezzo-forte = Moderately loud (mf) Forte = Loud (f) Fortissimo = very loud (ff)

Back

Timbre

Front

Timbre the color of the music, the character of the sound. What makes the sound? Voice, instrumental etc...

Back

Tempo

Front

Pace or speed of music Grave = very slow Largo = slow Larghetto = A little faster than Largo Adagio = Moderately slow Andante = Walking Tempo Andantino = A little faster than Andante Allegretto = A little slower than Andante Moderato = Moderate Allegro = Fast Vivace = Lively Presto = Very fast Prestissimo = very very fast

Back

Cantata

Front

A type of vocal genre typically sung during a service of worship. In Italian, "that which is sung," as apposed to sonata, "that which is played"

Back

Allegretto

Front

A little slower than Andante

Back

Variation

Front

Repeats but is different (Form)

Back

Allegro

Front

Fast

Back

Texture

Front

Function of the number and general relationship of musical lines to one another. Monophonic (mono = single, phonic = sounding) Maybe single soloist, or group singing same melody. Homophonic (homo = same as in sounding at same time) Polyphonic (poly = many) in polyphonic texture, every line is, in effect, a melody. Fugal Exposition: It exposes the theme in each of the solo instruments in turn.

Back

Piano

Front

Soft (dynamics)

Back

Subject

Front

Central them of a fugue.

Back

Operetta

Front

Italian for small opera.

Back

Word Music Relationship

Front

Does the words of the music match the music. If the music is lively do the words sound of something happy and lively. If the songs says cricket or trumpet can you hear it etc...

Back

Larghetto

Front

A little faster than largo

Back

Mezzo Forte

Front

Moderately Soft (dynamics)

Back

Section 2

(16 cards)

Prestissimo

Front

Very fast

Back

Renaissance

Front

1. Polyphony widely used but music also became homophonic. 2. The size of church choirs grew and with it more voice parts were added. 3. Composers wrote pieces that shifted between polyphonic and homophonic textures. 4. Melodies more complex and elaborate. 5. Shell Harmony > True Harmony 6. This period brought about many changes in the way music was created and perceived. 7. Period signifies the rebirth of classical learning and an increased patronage of music.

Back

Renaissance notes

Front

During the Renaissance, the church had less power over musical activity. Instead, the Kings, Princes and other prominent members of the courts had more influence. Key Changes: The influence of the Church, a shift in musical focus, the change in status of composers, the invention of printing and religious reformation. Composers were more open to experimentation. As a result, more composers used musical instruments in their compositions. Instruments that produced softer and less bright sounds were preferred for indoor events. Louder and more brilliant sounding instruments were preferred for outdoor events. Musical instruments used during this period include the cornett, harpsichord, and recorder. A musical instrument called shawm was used for dance music and outdoor events. The shawm is the predecessor of the oboe. The term "Renaissance" denotes the revival of classical culture (i.e. Greco-Roman culture). Renaissance witnessed the rise of independent instrumental music. Instrumental works of the Renaissance period were mainly composed for lute, keyboard (organ, harpsichord, or clavichord), or small ensembles (strings, woodwinds, and/or brass).

Back

Phrases

Front

Breaths that correspond to the ends of phrases in both the poetry and the music.

Back

Dactylic or triple meter

Front

LONG-short-short One accented (strong) beat followed by two unaccented (weak) beats.

Back

Baroque

Front

1600 - 1750 High instrumental.

Back

Word painting

Front

Music that imitates, describes, or conjures images of the text being sung.

Back

Moderato

Front

Moderate

Back

Sitar

Front

A plunked stringed instrument widely used on the Indian subcontinent.

Back

Medieval Notes

Front

During the Middle Ages, most of the music was vocal and unaccompanied. The church wanted to keep music pure and solemn because it was less distracting. Travelling musicians or ministrels used musical instruments as they performed on street corners or courts. The instruments they used include fiddles, harps and lutes. The lute is a pear Lines shaped string instrument with a fretted fingerboard. Were never strictly parallel throughout an entire composition, however; this would inevitably result in some unpleasant-sounding intervals. Advances in music practice and theory were driven mainly by sacred music.

Back

Through-composed

Front

A form in which each section has its own music, with very little or no repetition between section.

Back

Tutti

Front

Italian for All.

Back

Classical Era

Front

Joseph Hyden 1732 -1809 and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 1756 -1791.

Back

Medieval

Front

1. Music was monophonic, meaning it has a single melodic line. 2. Chants set to Latin text and sung unaccompanied. 3. Only type of music allowed in churches, so composers kept the melodies pure and simple. 4. Two general types of music styles: the monophonic and the polyphonic. 5. Monophony > polyphony 6. Portions of scripture were set to traditional Roman melodies.

Back

Note

Front

The smallest unit of music, the building block out of which larger structures are created.

Back

Cadence

Front

Is like the period in a sentence: it signals the end of a unit that can stand on its own.

Back