Section 1
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Date created
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Cards (130)
Section 1
(50 cards)
canvas
The background of a storyboard where you add and arrange user interface (UI) elements.
conditional statement
A control flow statement that checks whether a condition is true before executing a piece of code.
application object
An object in your app that's responsible for managing the life cycle of the app, communicating with its delegate, the app delegate, during state transitions within the app.
Auto Layout
A layout engine that helps lay out your user interface (UI) based on the constraints you specify.
class hierarchy
A hierarchical representation of a class's relationships to its superclass and subclasses.
force-unwrap operator
An operator (!) placed after an optional value to access its underlying value.
extension
A capability to add functionality to an existing type.
failable initializer
An initializer that could return nil after initialization.
Cocoa Touch
The set of Apple frameworks and technologies used to develop iOS apps.
constraint
In Auto Layout, a rule that explains where one element should be located relative to another, what size it should be, or which of two elements should shrink first when something reduces the space available for each of them.
control
A specialized type of view (specifically, an instance of the UIControl class or one of its subclasses) that responds to user input.
completion handler
A closure that's passed as a parameter to a method that calls the closure when it finishes executing.
forced type cast operator
An operator (as!) that attempts a downcast and force-unwraps the result.
console
A tool for debugging and for logging information for debugging purposes.
class
A piece of code that describes the behavior and properties common to any particular type of object, essentially providing a blueprint for the object.
downcast
To attempt to cast an object to one of its subclass types.
content view
A view object that's located at the top of a view hierarchy, serving as a container for the subviews in its hierarchy.
clean
Removes all the product files, as well as any object files or other intermediate files created during the build process.
comment
A piece of text in a source code file that doesn't get compiled as part of the program but provides context or other useful information about individual pieces of code.
function
A reusable, named piece of code that can be referred to from many places in a program.
action
A piece of code that's linked to an event that can occur in your app.
Attributes inspector
An inspector that you use to customize visual attributes of a user interface (UI) element in a storyboard.
Functions menu
In Xcode, a jump menu that lets you navigate directly to a specific declaration or section in a source code file.
conform to
For a class, structure, or enumeration to satisfy the requirements of a protocol.
entry point
Where control enters a program or piece of code.
code completion
A feature of Xcode that infers what you're trying to type from context and provides suggestions that you can select.
asset catalog
A tool to manage assets like images that are used by your app as part of its user interface (UI).
assistant editor
In Xcode, a secondary editor window that appears side-by-side with your primary editor.
gesture recognizer
An object that you attach to a view that allows the view to respond to actions the way a control does.
array
A data type that stores multiple values of the same type in an ordered list.
closed range operator
An operator (...) that lets you create a range of numbers that includes both the lower and upper values.
argument
A value you pass in to a function, method, or initializer to satisfy one of its parameters.
destination view controller
The view controller whose contents are displayed at the end of a segue.
data source
An object that manages the app's data model, providing a view object with the information it needs to display that data.
adaptive interface
A user interface (UI) that automatically adjusts so that it looks good in the context of the available screen space.
adopt
To indicate that a class, structure, or enumeration conforms to a protocol.
fix-it
A suggested fix for a compiler error in Xcode.
designated initializer
One of the primary initializers for a class; a convenience initializer within a class must ultimately call through to a designated initializer.
delegate
An object that acts on behalf of, or in coordination with, another object.
enumeration
A data type that defines a group of related values and enables you to work with those values in a type-safe way within your code.
data model
The representation or structure of data within an app.
convenience initializer
A secondary initializer, which adds additional behavior or customization, but must eventually call through to a designated initializer.
base class
A class that's at the root of its class hierarchy, meaning that it has no superclass.
first responder
An object that is first to receive many kinds of app events, including key events, motion events, and action messages, among others.
activity viewer
Part of the Xcode toolbar that displays messages about the build process and other information.
closure
A self-contained block of functionality that can be passed around and used in your code. Closures in Swift are similar to blocks in C and Objective-C and to lambdas in other programming languages.
application programming interface (API)
A set of functions, classes, protocols, and other components that define how pieces of software should interact with each other.
app delegate
An object in your app (specifically, an instance of the AppDelegate class) that creates the window where your app's content is drawn and that provides a place to respond to state transitions within the app.
constant
A value that's initialized once and cannot change, indicated in Swift by the let keyword.
event-driven programming
A category of programming in which the flow of the app is determined by events: system events and user actions.
Section 2
(50 cards)
parameter
An additional piece of information that must be passed into a function, method, or initializer when it's called.
implement
To define the behavior of something in code.
outline view
A pane in a storyboard that lets you see a hierarchical representation of the objects in your storyboard.
optional type cast operator
An operator (as?) that attempts a downcast and returns the result as an optional value.
navigation stack
The set of view controllers managed by a particular navigation controller.
resize handles
Small white squares that appear on a user interface (UI) element's borders when it's selected so you can change its size on the canvas.
half-open range operator
An operator (..<) that lets you create a range of numbers that includes the lower but not the upper value.
optional binding
The process of attempting to assign an optional value to a constant in a conditional statement to see if the optional contains an underlying value.
intrinsic content size
The minimum size needed to display all the content in a view without clipping or distorting that content.
playground
A type of file in which you can change and play around with Swift code directly in Xcode and see the immediate results.
Interface Builder
The graphical environment for building a user interface (UI) in Xcode.
global
A constant, variable, or function defined at the top-level scope of a program.
navigation controller
A specialized view controller subclass that manages transitions backward and forward through a series of view controllers.
root view controller
The first item added to a the navigation stack of a navigation controller. The root view controller is never popped off (removed from) the stack.
scene dock
A bar that contains information related to a scene in a storyboard.
runtime
The period during which a program is executing.
method
A reusable, named piece of code that's associated with a particular class, structure, or enumeration.
initializer
A method that handles the process of preparing an instance of a class, structure, or enumeration for use, which involves setting an initial value for its properties and performing any other required setup.
implicitly unwrapped optional
An optional that can also be used like a nonoptional value, without the need to unwrap the optional value each time it is accessed, because it's assumed to always have a value after that value is initially set.
override
To replace an implementation of a method defined on a superclass.
project navigator
Part of the Xcode workspace window that displays all the files in your project.
immutable
A value that cannot be changed (or mutated) after it's initialized, like a constant.
guard
A guard statement declares a condition that must be true in order for the code after the guard statement to be executed. Using a guard statement for requirements improves the readability of your code, compared to doing the same check with an if statement.
property observer
A piece of code that's called every time the value of a property is set. Use property observers to observe and respond to changes in the property's value.
Model-View-Controller (MVC)
A pattern of app design in which view controllers serve as the communication pipeline between views and the data model.
run loop
An event processing loop that you use to schedule work and coordinate the receipt of incoming events in your app.
inspector pane
An area in Xcode that displays inspectors, such as the Attributes inspector, Identity inspector, and Size inspector.
integrated development environment (IDE)
A software application that provides a set of tools for software development.
optional
A value that contains either an underlying value or nil to indicate that the value is missing.
scene
A storyboard representation of a screen of content in your app.
instance
A specific occurrence of a class (that is, an object), structure, or enumeration.
nil
The absence of a value or no value.
read-write
A value that can be both viewed (read) and changed (written).
mutable
A value that is able to be changed (or mutated) after it's initialized, like a variable.
Identity inspector
An inspector that you use to edit properties of an object in a storyboard related to that object's identity, such as what class the object belongs to.
Object library
Part of the Xcode workspace window that shows a list of objects that can be added to a storyboard, including each object's name, description, and visual representation.
identity operator
An operator (===) that tests whether two object references both refer to the same object instance.
iterate
To perform repeatedly.
protocol
A blueprint of methods, properties, and other requirements that suit a particular task or piece of functionality.
nil coalescing operator
An operator (??) placed between two values, a ?? b, that unwraps an optional a if it contains a value, or returns a default value b if a is nil.
library pane
An area in Xcode that displays one of the ready-to-use libraries of resources for your project, like the Object library.
inheritance
When a class is a subclass of another class, it gets all of its behavior (methods, properties, and other characteristics) from its superclass.
local
A constant or variable defined only within a particular, limited scope, like a loop, conditional statement, or function.
read-only
A value that can only be viewed (read) but never changed (written).
property
A piece of data encapsulated within a class, structure, or enumeration.
modal segue
A segue in which one view controller presents another view controller as its child. The user must interact with the presented controller, and dismiss it before returning to the app's main flow. Use modal segues to present tasks that the user must complete before continuing.
loop
A control flow statement that executes the same piece of code multiple times.
segue
A transition from one scene to another in a storyboard.
outlet
A reference to an object in a storyboard from a source code file.
object
An instance of a class.
Section 3
(30 cards)