Section 1
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denotation
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (108)
Section 1
(50 cards)
denotation
The literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition
connotation
That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning (see denotation)
diction
Word choice
hortatory
Urging, or strongly encouraging
analogy
An extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things
deduction
Reasoning from general to specific
ancedote
A short account of an interesting event
context
Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning
coordination
Grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but
elegiac
Mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone
ethos
A Greek term referring to the character of a person on of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see logos and pathos)
colloquial/ism
An informal or conversational use of language
assertion
An emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes argument
bias
Prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue
assumption
A belief or statement taken for granted without proof
allusion
An indirect reference, often to another text or a historic event
common ground
Shared beliefs, values, or positions
close reading
A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text
dialectal journal
A double-column journal in which one writes a quotation in one column and reflections on that quotation in the other column
fragment
A word, phrase, or clause that does not form a full sentence
claim
An assertion, usually supported by evidence
declarative sentence
A sentence that makes a statement
antithesis
Parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas
figurative language
The use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect
explication of text
Explanation of a text's meaning through an analysis of all of its constituent parts, including the literary devices used; also called close reading
antecedent
The noun to which a later pronoun refers
credible
Worthy of belief; trustworthy
argument
A statement put forth and supported by evidence
epigram
A brief witty statement
documentation
Bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing
cumulative sentence
An independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail
counterargument
A challenge to a position; an opposing argument
aphorism
A short, astute statement of a general truth
hyperbole
Exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis
anaphora
The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses
asyndeton
Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses
appositive
A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun
figure of speech
An expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning
audience
One's listener or readership' those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed
Aristotelian triangle
A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see rhetorical triangle)
alliteration
The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables
complex sentence
A sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause
facts
Information that is true or demonstrable
annotation
Explanatory or critical notes added to the text
attitude
The speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone
concession
A reluctant acknowledgement or yielding
archaic diction
The use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language
antimetabole
The repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast
cite
Identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source
authority
A reliable, respected source - someone with knowledge
Section 2
(50 cards)
propaganda
A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information
irony
A contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result
purpose
One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing
speaker
A term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing
syntax
Sentence structure
induction
Reasoning from specific to general
pathos
A Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and logos)
metaphor
A figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison
parody
A piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridcule
imagery
Vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing)
parallelism
The repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns
style
The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech
scheme
A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect
premise; major, minor
Two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise Major premise: All mammals are warm-blooded Minor premise: All horses are mammals Conclusion: All horses are warm blooded (see syllogism)
pronoun
A word used to replace a noun or noun phrase
simple sentence
A statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause
sentence variety
Using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect
rhetoric
The study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion"
logos
A Greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and pathos)
pacing
The relative speed or slowness with which a story is told or an idea is presented
sentence patterns
The arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions -- such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex
subordination
The dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence
source
A book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information
subordinate clause
Created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause
inversion
A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject
omniscient narrator
An all-knowing, usually third-person narrator
straw man
A logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent's position
synthesize
Combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex
subject
In rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing
refute
To discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument
narration
Retelling an event or series of events
imperative sentences
A sentence that requests or commands
occasion
An aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing
polemic
An argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion
syllogism
A form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise (see premise; major, and minor)
metonymy
Use of an aspect of something to represent the whole
periodic sentence
A sentence that builds toward and ends with the main clause
paradox
A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true
rhetorical triangle
A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see Aristotelian triangle)
juxtaposition
Placement of two things side by side for emphasis
personification
Assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects
satire
An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it
persona
The speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing
rhetorical modes
Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation
polysyndeton
The deliberate use of a series of conjunctions
oxymoron
A figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms
nominalization
Turning a verb or adjective into a noun
simile
A figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare two things
modifier
A word, phrase, or clause that qualifies or describes another word, phrase, or clause
rhetorical question
A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer
Section 3
(8 cards)