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Pulmonary A&P Objective C

Pulmonary A&P Objective C

memorize.aimemorize.ai (lvl 286)
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Section 1

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peripheral receptors

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Last updated

4 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (50)

Section 1

(50 cards)

peripheral receptors

Front

overall response to increase Vmin and cardiac output; increase Vt and respiratory rate; produce tachycardia; increase systemic blood pressure

Back

lungs

Front

have ability to eliminate approx. 200 mls of CO2 per minute

Back

Hering-Breuer Reflex Control

Front

important in regulating respiratory rate and depth during exercise; controlled/mediated by the phrenic nerve

Back

blood-brain barrier

Front

freely permeable to CO2; stimulated indirectly by CO2 molecule

Back

60

Front

care must be taken not to increase the PO2 above ___ mmHg or apnea may occur (both chemoreceptors shut down)

Back

chemoreceptors

Front

_____ cannot correct malfunctioning ventilatory system; only respond to changes caused by it - compensation

Back

Hering-Breuer Reflex Control

Front

carries impulses from the lungs to the brain through the Vagus nerve

Back

CO2, HCO3, H2CO3

Front

any CO2 not elminated is retained in bloodstream as ______

Back

central chemoreceptors

Front

immersed in Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) but does not come in direct contact with blood-separated by blood-brain barrier

Back

CO2

Front

___ molecules cross the blood brain barrier; causes chemical reaction

Back

Head's Paradoxical Reflex

Front

causes large tidal volumes during exercise

Back

Hering-Breuer Reflex Control

Front

generated by stretch receptors located in smooth muscle of large and small airways

Back

respiratory center

Front

sends nerve impulses that stimulate muscles of ventilation; consists of clusters of neurons located in medulla oblongota and pons

Back

dorsal respiratory group

Front

provides main inspiratory stimulus during normal quiet breathing

Back

pneumotaxic group

Front

controls the "switch off" point of the inspiratory ramp; works w/ apneustic neuron group to control the depth of inspiration

Back

chemoreceptors

Front

sensory nerve cell activated by changes in the checmical environment surrounding the cell

Back

200

Front

lungs have ability to eliminate approx. ____ mls of CO2 per minute

Back

aortic bodies

Front

found in arch of the aorta

Back

apneusis

Front

breathing pattern characterized by prolonged inspiratory gasps with occasional expirations

Back

60, 50

Front

hypoxic drive is seen in patients with a chronic PO2 of ___ mmHg or less and PCO2 > ___ mmHg

Back

Deflation Reflex

Front

activated w/ sudden collapse of lungs (pneumothorax)

Back

ventral respiratory group

Front

causes inhalation and exhalation; active when high levels of pulmonary ventilations are required

Back

Medullary Rhythmicity center and Pontine Respiratory center

Front

two areas of respiratory center

Back

Hering-Breuer Reflex Control

Front

acts as protective mechanism against excess lung inflation

Back

hypoxic drive

Front

seen in patients w/ chronic PO2 of 60 mmHg or less and PCO2 greater than 50 mmHG

Back

peripheral receptors

Front

stimulated by decreased PaO2, increased PaCO2 and decreased arterial pH

Back

50

Front

If PCO2 rises about ___ mmHg the chemoreceptor response is blunted

Back

rostral

Front

area stimulates internal intercostal and abdominal muscles

Back

dorsal respiratory group

Front

mainly inspiratory neurons; sends impulses to motor nerves of diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

Back

peripheral receptors

Front

lack a strong response to CO2 changes of less than 10 mmHg (backup to the central chemoreceptor)

Back

Dorsal & Ventral Respiratory groups

Front

two major groups of neurons in medullary rhythmicity center

Back

Deflation Reflex

Front

stimulates strong inspiratory efforts

Back

decreased PaO2

Front

primary response; stimulate peripheral receptors

Back

apneustic group

Front

stimulatory effect controlled by pneumotaxic center; works w/ pneumotaxic center to control depth of inspiration

Back

peripheral receptors

Front

come in direct contact arterial blood where as the central receptors are separated from blood by CSF

Back

inspiratory ramp signal

Front

allows for smooth gradual expansion of the lungs; steepens during exercise to allow for rapid filling of lungs

Back

apneustic group

Front

sends signals to DRG causing apneusis

Back

central chemoreceptors

Front

highly responsive chemosensitive nerve cells located in the medulla

Back

Head's Paradoxical Reflex

Front

may involve periodic deep sighs during quiet breathing

Back

hypoxic drive

Front

with chronic PCO2 greater than 50 mmHg the central chemoreceptors shut down, leaving patient to breath using peripheral chemoreceptors

Back

Head's Paradoxical Reflex

Front

responsible for first breaths of a newborn baby

Back

pontine respiratory center

Front

modifies output of medullary center

Back

caudal

Front

area stimulates external intercostal and diaphragm

Back

medullary rhythmicity

Front

medullary resp center; responsible for voluntary breathing and is origin of the rhythmic cycle of breathing

Back

pneumotaxic group

Front

primary function is to control inspiratory time

Back

Head's Paradoxical Reflex

Front

prevents atelectasis

Back

ventral respiratory group

Front

contains caudal (posterior) and rostral (interior) areas

Back

50

Front

hypoxic drive with a chronic PCO2 > ____ mmHg the central chemoreceptors shut down, leaving patient to breath using the peripheral chemoreceptors

Back

peripheral chemoreceptors

Front

small highly vascular structures known as the carotid and aortic bodies

Back

carotid bodies

Front

located bilaterally in the bifurcations of the common carotid arteries

Back