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AP Biology: Anatomy

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Section 1

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Internuerons

Front

1 / 43

Anatomy Science

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Last updated

6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (43)

Section 1

(43 cards)

Internuerons

Front

integrate data and relay signals

Back

Crossbridge

Front

a myosin head bound to an actin molecule

Back

Lymphocytes

Front

macrophages, B cells, T cells, memory B+T cells

Back

Estrogen

Front

tells the pituitary gland to secrete LH

Back

Dendrites

Front

highly branched fibers that carry signals to cell body

Back

Rest

Front

myosin head binding sites on actin are blocked by troponin and tropomyosin

Back

Macrophage Recognition of Foreign Cells

Front

macrophages engulf the foreign cells then cut the antigen off and binds it to a MHC that gets displayed on cell surface and promotes WBC armies

Back

Progesterone

Front

causes the uterine lining to thicken and can inhibit the pituitary from releasing FSH

Back

MHC Proteins (major histocompatibility complex)

Front

self markers on cell surface

Back

Helper T Cells

Front

secrete interleukins that induce T or B lymphocytes to divide which increases the numbers so more cells are there to fight infection

Back

Antibodies

Front

produced by B lymphocytes and bind and destroy antigens floating in tissue fluids

Back

Cytotoxic T Cells

Front

kills cells that are labeled with an antigen/MHC complex and uses perforins

Back

Synapse

Front

junction between two neurons or between a neuron and a muscle cell

Back

Follicle

Front

primary oocyte and cell layer surrounding it that nourishes it

Back

Sarcomere

Front

basic unit of muscle contraction composed of actin and myosin

Back

Contraction

Front

actin on each side of sarcomere moves towards the center shortening the distance between z lines

Back

Axon

Front

long fiber that carries signals away from cell body

Back

Peptide Hormone

Front

water soluble that binds to receptors on the plasma membrane and activates specific membrane bound target systems

Back

Sensory Neurons

Front

convey signals from sensory receptors into the CNS

Back

Hormone Specificity

Front

hormones can only influence cells that have a protein receptor for that particular hormone

Back

Neurons

Front

cells specialized to transmit nervous impulses

Back

GnRh

Front

stimulates anterior pituitary to release FSH; produced in Hypothalamus

Back

Hormones

Front

secretory products of endocrine cells that travel through the bloodstream to target cells and influence their activities

Back

Motor Nuerons

Front

convey signal from CNS to effectors (muscle)

Back

Negative Feedback

Front

increase in hormone that triggers activities that inhibit further secretion

Back

HIV

Front

infects helper T cells and takes them over when it invades host

Back

Rh Negative

Front

produce antibodies against Rh positive blood if they come into contact with it

Back

Antigens

Front

proteins on a foreign cell

Back

Positive Feedback

Front

increase in hormone triggers activities that stimulate further secretion

Back

Steroid Hormone

Front

lipid soluble that pass through membrane; specific shape allows it to interact with a specific part of the cell's DNA inhibiting or stimulating transcription

Back

Calcium Ions

Front

released from sarcoplasmic reticulum and attaches to troponin to uncover tropomyosin

Back

Macrophage Recognition of Self Cells

Front

white blood cells recognize MHC on cells from own body and ignore them

Back

Resting Potential

Front

when no signal is being passed (+ outside and - inside)

Back

Ovulation

Front

fluid escapes and carries a secondary oocyte with it

Back

Action Potential

Front

propagates itself along neuron that is an all or none event

Back

LH

Front

causes the follicle to produce progesterone and helps develop the follicle into the corpus luteum after rupturing

Back

Sliding Filament Model

Front

described how a sarcomere is shortened during muscle contraction

Back

Agglutination

Front

antibodies circulating in plasma bind with foreign cells and cause them to clump

Back

Perforins

Front

moecules that break apart the cell membrane and break apart the cell

Back

Myofibrils

Front

striated protein structures that make up muscle fibers

Back

CD4 & CCR5

Front

receptors on white blood cells that HIV uses to invade host cells

Back

Glucagon

Front

binds to receptor and triggers secondary messenger (cAMP) that causes a reaction cascade

Back

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Front

stimulates follicle to grow

Back