Section 1
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Vital Signs: Blood Pressure (adult)
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Cards (210)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Vital Signs: Blood Pressure (adult)
Vital Signs: 110-120/60 mmHg
Arterial blood gas (ABG) values PaO2 (Partial Pressure of Oxygen)
Arterial blood gas (ABG) values 80%-100%
Anticoagulant Therapy Fibrinogen level
203-377 mg/dL
Arterial blood gas (ABG) values CO2
Arterial blood gas (ABG) values 35-45 mEq/L
Hematology Values: White Blood Cells (WBC) below indicates... above indicates...
Hematology Values: 5,000 - 10,000 immunocompromised infection
Chemistry Values BUN (Blood urea nitrogen)
Chemistry Values 7-22 mg/dL liver function
Chemistry Values LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase or lactic acid dehydrogenase)
Chemistry Values 100-190 U/L bad cholesterol
Therapeutic Drug Levels Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Therapeutic Drug Levels 10-20 mcg/mL used to prevent and control seizures (also called an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug). It works by reducing the spread of seizure activity in the brain.
Anticoagulant Therapy Sodium Warfarin (Coumadin) INR (international normalized ratio; is calculated from a PT result )
Anticoagulant Therapy 0.9-1.2
Hematology Values: Hematocrit (Hct) Male
Hematology Values: 40-54
Chemistry Values Protein
Chemistry Values 6.2-8.1 g/dL muscle growth
Chemistry Values Trigyceride
Chemistry Values 40-50 mg/dL relates to cholesterol ... high levels increase risk of MI and/or stroke
Anticoagulant Therapy Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)
Anticoagulant Therapy 23.3-31.9 seconds
Hematology Values: Hemoglobin (hgb) Female
Hematology Values: 12-16 gm
Arterial blood gas (ABG) values HCO3 (Bicarbonate)
Arterial blood gas (ABG) values 24-26 mEq/L
Therapeutic Drug Levels Gentamycin (Garamycin)
Therapeutic Drug Levels Peak: 5-10 mcg/ml Trough/valley: <2.0 mcg/ml The solution and cream are used for eye and skin infections. It belongs to a class of antibiotics called aminoglycosides, which directly kill bacteria. Like all antibiotics, gentamicin only treats bacterial infections. It doesn't work for viruses or fungal infections.
Therapeutic Drug Levels Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Therapeutic Drug Levels 4-10 mcg/ml used to treat certain types of seizures (partial, tonic-clonic, mixed), nerve pain (such as trigeminal neuralgia and diabetic neuropathy), and bipolar disorder.
Therapeutic Drug Levels Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Therapeutic Drug Levels 0.8-2.0 ng/ml helps make the heart beat stronger and with a more regular rhythm. Also used to treat atrial fibrillation, a heart rhythm disorder of the atrium (the upper chambers of the heart that allow blood to flow into the heart)
Conversions 1 teaspoon (t, tsp)
Conversions 5 ml
Vital Signs: Respiratory Rate (adult)
Vital Signs: 12-20 rpm
Therapeutic Drug Levels Theophylline (Aminophylline)
Therapeutic Drug Levels 10-20 mcg/dL most common use is in the treatment of airway obstruction from asthma or COPD. It is a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist and phosphodiesterase inhibitor.
Chemistry Values Total Cholesterol
Chemistry Values 130-200 mg/dL
Therapeutic Drug Levels Vancomycin (Vancocin)
Therapeutic Drug Levels Peak: 20-40 mcg/mL Trough/valley: 5-15 mcg/mL is indicated for use as sole and adjunctive therapy in the treatment of simple and complex absence seizures, and adjunctively in patients with multiple seizure types which include absence seizures.
Chemistry Values CPK (Creatine phosphokinase) high levels indicate
Chemistry Values 21-232 U/L stress or injury to muscle tissue, heart or brian
Chemistry Values Serum creatinine
Chemistry Values 0/6-1.35 mg/dL Kidney function
Chemistry Values Uric Acid
Chemistry Values 3.5-7.5 mg/dL kidneys
Chemistry Values Albumin
Chemistry Values 3.4-5.0 g/dL liver & kidney function
Therapeutic Drug Levels Tobramycin (Tobrex)
Therapeutic Drug Levels 5-10 mcg/dL used to treat eye infections. It belongs to a class of drugs called aminoglycoside antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This medication treats only bacterial eye infections.
Vital Signs: Temperature (adult)
Vital Signs: 37°C (98.6°F)
Serum Electrolytes Chloride (Cl)
Serum Electrolytes 95-105 mEq/L
Serum Electrolytes Potassium (K)
Serum Electrolytes 3.5-5.5 mEq/L
Serum Electrolytes Calcium (Ca)
Serum Electrolytes 8.5-10.9 mEq/L
Serum Electrolytes Magnesium (Mg)
Serum Electrolytes 1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Acid-Base Balance ROME
Respiratory opposite/metabolic equal In respiratory acid/base disorders the change in pH is opposite to the other components
Chemistry Values Specific Gravity
Chemistry Values 1.010-1.030 kidney function & hydration status
Hematology Values: Hematocrit (Hct) Female
Hematology Values: 37-47
Hematology Values: Hemoglobin (Hgb) Male
Hematology Values: 14-18 gm
Chemistry Values Glucose Type 1 too low too high
Chemistry Values 70-110 mg/dL (Possible) coma dka
Hematology Values: Red Blood Cells (RBC)
Vital Signs: 4.5-5.0 million 4,500,000 to 5,000,000
Therapeutic Drug Levels Valproic Acid (Depakene)
Therapeutic Drug Levels 50-100 mcg/dL is indicated for use as sole and adjunctive therapy in the treatment of simple and complex absence seizures, and adjunctively in patients with multiple seizure types which include absence seizures.
Anticoagulant Therapy Sodium Warfarin (Coumadin) PT (protothroboin time) antidote
Anticoagulant Therapy 10-12 seconds (control) Vitamin K (not to be confused with potassium which is represented by the letter 'K' on the periodic table)
Arterial blood gas (ABG) values SaO2 (Saturation of Oxygen)
Arterial blood gas (ABG) values >95%
Chemistry Values HDL (high density lipoprotein)
Chemistry Values 40-60 mg/dL good cholesterol => removes LDH from blood stream
Therapeutic Drug Levels Phenobarbital (Solfoton)
Therapeutic Drug Levels 15-40 mcg/mL used to control seizures, treat anxiety and insomnia, and prevent withdrawal symptoms in patients who are addicted to certain barbiturate drugs.
Therapeutic Drug Levels Lithium (Eskalith)
Therapeutic Drug Levels 0.8-1.5 mEq/L affects the flow of sodium through nerve and muscle cells in the body. Sodium affects excitation or mania. It is used to treat the manic episodes of bipolar disorder (manic depression). Manic symptoms include hyperactivity, rushed speech, poor judgment, reduced need for sleep, aggression, and anger.
Chemistry Values Bilirubin
Chemistry Values <1.0 mg/dL Liver function
Serum Electrolytes Sodium (Na)
Serum Electrolytes 135-145 mEq/L
Serum Electrolytes Phosphorus (P)
Serum Electrolytes 2.5-4.5 mEq/L
Vital Signs: Heart Rate (adult)
Vital Signs: 80-100 bmp
Arterial blood gas (ABG) values pH
Arterial blood gas (ABG) values 7.36-7.45
Section 2
(50 cards)
Medication Classifications Antihistamines
Medication Classifications Block the release of histamine (allergy medication)
Medication Classifications Antacids
Medication Classifications reduce hydrochloric acid in stomach
Medication Classifications Narcotics/analgesics
Medication Classifications relieves moderate to severe pain
Conversions 1 kilogram (kg)
Conversions 2.2 lbs
Medication Classifications Anticholinergics
Medication Classifications decreases oral secretions
Maternity Normal Values Fetal Heart Rate
Maternity Normal Values 120-160 bpm
Medication Classifications Laxatives
Medication Classifications promotes the passage of stool
Medications Midazolam (Versed)
Medications given for consious sedation *watch out for Respiratory depression and hypotension
Conversions 1 quart (qt)
Conversions 2 pt 4 c 36 oz 960 ml 64 T 192 t
Drug Schedules Schedule IV
Drug Schedules low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence Requires new prescription after six months examples: Darvon Xanax Soma Valium
Conversions Convert Fahrenheit (F) to Celsius (C)
Conversions [ ( F + 40 ) x 5/9 ] - 40 = C
Medications Hydroxyzine (Vistaril)
Medications Treatment of anxiety and itching *Watch out for dry mouth
Maternity Normal Values AVA
Maternity Normal Values The umbilical cord has two Arteries and one Vein
Pregnancy Category of Drugs Category B
Pregnancy Category of Drugs No risk in other studies examples: Amoxicillin Cefotaxime
Conversions 1 cup (c)
Conversions 8 oz 240 ml 16 T 48 t
Medication Classifications Antidiarreals
Medication Classifications decrease gastric motility and reduce water in bowel
Rules of nine for calculating Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) for burns
-Head 9% -Arms 18% (9% each) -Back 18% -Legs 36% (18% each) -Genitalia 1%
Pregnancy Category of Drugs Category C
Pregnancy Category of Drugs Risk not ruled out examples: Rifampicin (Rifampin) -- TB antibiotic Theophylline (Theolair) -- Bronchodilator for asthma, emphysema
Maternity Normal Values Amniotic Fluid
Maternity Normal Values 500 - 1200 ml
Medications Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Medications treat certain types of serious (possibly fatal) irregular heartbeat (such as persistent ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia). It is used to restore normal heart rhythm and maintain a regular, steady heartbeat. anti-arrhythmic drug *watch out for diaphoresis, dyspnea, lethargy Take missed dose any time in the day or to skip it entirely. DO NOT take double dose
Medications Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Medications *Assess pulses for a full minute, if <60 bpm, hold dose. *Check digitalis and potassium levels. helps make the heart beat stronger and with a more regular rhythm. It is also used to treat atrial fibrillation, a heart rhythm disorder of the atrium (the upper chambers of the heart that allow blood to flow into the heart).
Pregnancy Category of Drugs Category N
Pregnancy Category of Drugs Not yet classified
Drug Schedules Schedule I
Drug Schedules no currently accepted medical use and for research use only high potential for abuse examples heroin LSD MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, commonly known as ecstasy)
Maternity Normal Values Variability
Maternity Normal Values 6-10 bpm
Medication Classifications Antihypertensives
Medication Classifications Lower blood pressure and increase blood flow
Medication Classifications Anti-infectives
Medication Classifications Used for the treatment of infections
Medication Classifications Diuretics
Medication Classifications Decrease water/sodium from the loop of Henle
STOP-Treatment for maternal hypotension after an epidural anesthesia
-Stop infusion of Oxytocin (Pitocin) -Turn client on her left side -Administer oxygen - If hypovolemia is present, push IV fluids
Conversions 1 tablespoon (T, tbsp)
Conversions 3 t 15 ml
Medications Warfarin (Coumadin)
Medications Anticoagulant *watch out for signs of bleeding, diarrhea, fever, or rash. Stress importance of complying with prescribed dosage and follow-up appointments
Drug Schedules Schedule V
Drug Schedules drugs with lower potential for abuse than Schedule IV and consist of preparations containing limited quantities of certain narcotics. Schedule V drugs are generally used for antidiarrheal, antitussive, and analgesic purposes. dispensed like any othe prescription or without prescripion examples: cough preparations Lomotil Motofen
Pregnancy Category of Drugs Category X
Pregnancy Category of Drugs Contraindicated in Pregnancy examples: Isotretinion (Accutane) -- powerful acne treatment Thalidomide (Immunoprin) -- treats skin condition and cancer
Medication Classifications Miotics
Medication Classifications constrict the pupils
Medication Classifications Antianemics
Medication Classifications increase blood cell production
Conversions 1 gram (g)
Conversions 1,000 mg
Maternity Normal Values APGAR Scoring timing normal fairly low critically low
Maternity Normal Values Appearance Pulses Grimace Activity Reflex Irritability 0 for absent 1 for decreased 2 for strongly positive done at 1 and 5 minutes after delivery 7 to 10 generally normal 4 to 6 fairly low <3 to 3 critically low
Conversions Convert Celsius (C) to Fahrenheit (F)
Conversions [ ( C + 40 ) x 9/5 ] - 40 = F
Drug Schedules Schedule III
Drug Schedules drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence. Requires new prescription after six months or five refills examples: codeine testosterone ketamine
Pregnancy Category of Drugs Category A
Pregnancy Category of Drugs No risk in controlled human studies
Conversions 1 fluid ounce (oz, floz)
Conversions 30 ml 2 T 6 t
Conversions 1 pint (pt)
Conversions 2 c 16 oz 480 ml 32 T 96 t
Pregnancy Category of Drugs Category D
Pregnancy Category of Drugs Positive evidence of risk examples: Phenytoin (Dilantin) -- anticonvulsant Tetracycline -- antibiotic, treats acne
Medication Classifications Anticonvulsant
Medication Classifications used for management of seizures and/or bipolar disorder
Drug Schedules Schedule II
Drug Schedules Drugs with high potential for abuse and requires written prescription. Use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence. These drugs are also considered dangerous. No refill examples: Ritalin Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) Meperidine (Demerol) Fentanyl
Medication Classifications Bronchodilators
Medication Classifications Dilates large air passages in asthma or lung disease (e.g., COPD)
Medications Aluminum Hydroxide (Amphojel)
Medications Treatment of GERD and kidney stones *Watch out for constipation
Medication Classifications Anticoagulants
Medication Classifications prevents clot formation
Conversions 1 grain (gr)
Conversions 60 mg
Maternity Normal Values Contractions
Maternity Normal Values 2 - 5 minutes apart with duration of < 90 seconds apart and intensity of <100 mmHg
Conversions 1 pound (lbs, #)
Conversions 16 oz (not fluid)
Section 3
(50 cards)
Common Diets Acute Renal Disease
Common Diets protein-restricted, high calorie, fluid-controlled, sodium and potassium controlled
Common Diets Pancreatitis
Common Diets low fat, regular, small, frequent feedings; tube feeding or total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
Developmental Milestones 6-7 months
Developmental Milestones sits a 6 waves bye-bye can recognize familiar faces and knows if someone is a stranger Passes things back and forth between hands
Positioning Clients Asthma
Positioning Clients orthopneic position where patient is sitting up and bent forward with arms supported on a table or chair arms
Common Diets Adhd and Bipolar
Common Diets high caloric and provide finger foods
Common Diets Hepatitis
Common Diets regular, high-calorie, high protein
Common Diets Vomiting
Common Diets fluid and electrolyte replacement
Positioning Clients Post Brochoscopy
Positioning Clients flat on bed with head hyper-extended
Common Diets Stroke
Common Diets mechanical, soft, regular, or tube-feeding
Cultural Considerations Latino Americans
Cultural Considerations May view illness as a sign of weakness, punishment for evil doing may consult with a curandero or voodoo priest family members are typically involved in all aspects of decision making such as terminal illness may see no reason to submit to mammograms or vaccinations
Medications Isoniazid
Medications antibiotic used with other medications to treat active tuberculosis (TB) infections. It is also used alone to prevent active TB infections in people who may be infected with the bacteria (people with positive TB skin test). can cause peripheral neuritis, take vitamin B6 to counter
Common Diets Cirrhosis
Common Diets normal protein
Common Diets Hypertension, heat failure, CAD
Common Diets low-sodium, calorie-restricted, fat-controlled --->high HDH foods, low LDL foods
Developmental Milestones 2-3 months
Developmental Milestones able to turn head up, and can turn side to side makes cooing or gurgling noises can turn head toward sound
Medications Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Medications Treatment of ADHD Assess for heart related side-effects and report immediately Child may need drug holiday due to drug stunting growth
Medications Rifampicin
Medications antibiotic Rifampin is used to treat or prevent tuberculosis (TB). May also be used to reduce certain bacteria in your nose and throat that could cause meningitis or other infections. Causes red-orange tears and urine
Common Diets Addison's disease
Common Diets increased sodium, low potassium diet
Common Diets Pernicious Anemia
Common Diets Increase vitamin b12 (Cobalamin), found in high amounts in shellfish, beef liver, and fish
Common Diets Cystic Fibrosis
Common Diets increase fluids
Common Diets Cancer
Common Diets high calorie, high protein
Positioning Clients Hemorrhagic Stroke
Positioning Clients Head of Bed elevated 30 degrees to reduce ICP and facilitate venous drainage
Positioning Clients Cerebral Aneurysm
Positioning Clients high Fowler's
Medications Dopamine
Medications treatment of hypotension, shock, and low cardiac output Monitor ECG for arrhythmias and blood pressure
Cultural Considerations Asian Americans
Cultural Considerations may value ability to endure pain and grief with silent stoicism typically family oriented extended family should be involved in care of dying patient believes in "hot-cold" yin/yang often involved sodium intake is generally high because of salted and dried foods may believe prolonged eye contact is rude and invasion of privacy nodding is more acknowledgement of words rather than agreement or understanding may prefer to maintain physical distance between the patient and healthcare provider
Developmental Milestones 8-9 months
Developmental Milestones Stands straight at 8 has favorite toy plays peek-a-boo
Common Diets Underweight
Common Diets high calorie, high protein
Common Diets Gallbladder Disease
Common Diets low fat, calorie restricted, regular avoid over eating
Common Diets Kidney stones
Common Diets increase fluid intake, calcium-controlled, low oxalate sucking on a lemon or drinking lemon juice helps to break up kidney stones as well
Cultural Considerations Arab Americans
Cultural Considerations may remain silent about health problems such as STIs, substance abuse, and mental illness a devout Muslim may interpret illness as the will of Allah, a test of faith may rely on ritual cures or alternative therapies before seeking help from health care provider after death, the family may want to prepare the body by washing and wrapping the body in unsewn white cloth postmortem examinations are discouraged unless required by law may avoid pork and alcohol if Muslim Islamic patients observe month long fast Ramadan (beginning approx mid October) eating and drinking only after sunset. --->people suffering from chronic illnesses, pregnant, breast-feeding, or menstruating women do not fast. females avoid eye contact with males use same-sex family mebers as interpreters use same-sex healthcare professionals when preferred
Common Diets Peptic ulcer
Common Diets bland diet
Common Diets Burns
Common Diets high protein, high caloric, increased vitamin C
Common Diets Chronic Renal Disease
Common Diets protein-restricted, low sodium, fluid-restricted, potassium-restricted, phosphorus-restricted
Positioning Clients Ischemic Stroke
Head of bed flat
Common Diets Obesity, overweight
Common Diets calorie restricted, high fiber individualized
Common Diets Gastritis
Common Diets low-fiber, bland diet
Common Diets Hyperlipidemias
Common Diets fat-controlled, callorie-restricted
Medications Ethambutol
Medications Used with other medications to treat tuberculosis (TB). Ethambutol is an antibiotic and works by stopping the growth of bacteria. Causes problems with vision, liver problem
Common Diets Constipation
Common Diets high fiber, increased fluids
Developmental Milestones 12-13 months
Developmental Milestones twelve and up drinks from a cup cries when parents leave uses furniture to cruise
Common Diets Diarrhea
Common Diets liquid, low fiber, regular, fluid and electrolyte replacement
Common Diets COPD
Common Diets soft, high-calorie, low carb, high fat, small frequent feedings
Common Diets Nephrotic Syndrome
Common Diets sodium-restricted, high calorie, high protien, potassium-restricted
Common Diets Cirrhosis with hepatic insufficiency
Common Diets restrict protein, fluids, and sodium
Cultural Considerations African Americans
Cultural Considerations May believe that illness is caused by supernatural causes and seek advice and remedies from faith healers family oriented higher incidence of high blood pressure and obesity high incidence of lactose intolerance with difficulty digesting milk and milk products
Cultural Considerations Native Americans
Cultural Considerations may turn to a medicine man to determine the true cause of an illness may value the ability to to endure pain or grief with silent stoicism diet may be deficient in vitamin D and calcium because many suffer from lactose intolerance or don't drink milk obesity and diabetes are major health concerns may divert eyes to the floor when they are praying or paying attention
Developmental Milestones 4-5 months
Developmental Milestones grasps switch and roll over tummy to back can babble and mimic sounds
Common Diets Sickle cell Anemia
Common Diets increase fluids to maintain hydration since sickling increases when patients become dehydrated
Cultural Considerations Western Culture
Cultural Considerations may value technology exclusively in the struggle to conquer diseases health is understood to be the absence, minimization, or control of disease process eating utensils usually consists of knife, fork, and spoon three daily meals typical
Developmental Milestones 10-11 months
Developmental Milestones belly to but
Common Diets Celiac Disease
Common Diets gluten-free diet (no BROW: barley, rye, oat, and wheat) studies are staring to show that sourdough products may be safe pending controlled, individualized trial
Section 4
(50 cards)
Positioning Clients Preventing dumping syndrome
Positioning Clients eat in reclining position lie down after meals for 20-230 minutes restrict fluids during meals, low fiber diet, and small frequent meals
Positioning Clients Hiatal Hernia
Positioning Clients upright position
Positioning Clients Epistaxis (Nosebleed)
Positioning Clients lean forward
Positioning Clients Below knee amputaion
foot of bed elevated for first 24 hours, position prone daily for hip extension
Positioning Clients Spinal Bifida
Positioning Clients position infant on prone so that the sac does not rupture
Positioning Clients Post cataract surgery
Positioning Clients patient will sleep on unaffected side with a night shield for 1-4 weeks PATIENT TO AVOID BENDING OVER OR STRAINING
Positioning Clients Tube feeding for patients with decreased LOC
Positioning Clients position patient on right side to promote emptying of the stomach with head of bed elevated to prevent aspiration
Common Signs and Symptoms Emphysema
Common Signs and Symptoms barrel chest
Positioning Clients Cleft-palate
Positioning Clients prone
Positioning Clients Autonomic Dysreflexia
Positioning Clients place client in sitting position (elevate head of bed) first before any otherimplentation
Positioning Clients Pelvic Exam
Positioning Clients lithotomy position (a supine position of the body with the legs separated, flexed, and supported in raised stirrups)
Common Signs and Symptoms Measles
Common Signs and Symptoms Koplik's spots (clustered white lesions on buccal mucosa)
Positioning Clients Peritoneal Dialysis when outflow is inadequate
Positioning Clients turn patient side to side before checking for kinks in the tubing
Positioning Clients Post total hip replacement
Positioning Clients don't sleep on operated side don't flex hip more than 45-60 degrees don't elevate head of more than 45 degrees. Maintain hip abduction by separating thighs with pillows.
Positioning Clients Myelogram diagnostic imaging test, generally done by a radiologist, using a contrast dye and X-rays or computed tomography (CT) to look for problems in the spinal canal
Positioning Clients Water-based dye: semi Fowler's for at least 8 hours Oil-based dye: flat on bed for at least 6-8 hours to prevent leakage Air dye: Trendelenburg
Positioning Clients Enema Administration
Positioning Clients position patient on left-lying side (Sim's position) with knees flexed
Common Signs and Symptoms Kawasaki Syndrome
Common Signs and Symptoms strawberry tongue
Positioning Clients Thoracentesis
Positioning Clients sitting on the side of the bed and leaning over the table (during procedure) affected side ups (after procedure)
Positioning Clients Air/Pulmonary embolism
Positioning Clients turn patient to left side and lower head of bed
Positioning Clients Continuous Bladder Irrigation (CBI)
Positioning Clients Catheter should be taped to thigh so legs should be kept straight
Positioning Clients Paracentesis
Positioning Clients flat on bed or sitting
Positioning Clients Shock
Positioning Clients bed rest with extremities elevated 20 degrees, knees straight, head slightly elevated (modified Trendelenburg)
Positioning Clients Post supratentorial surgery w/ incision behind hairline Supratentorial craniotomy means the exposure of any part of a cerebral hemisphere over the basal line joining the nasion to the inion.
Positioning Clients elevate head of bed 30 to 45 degrees
Positioning Clients During internal radiation
Positioning Clients patient should be on bed rest while implant is in place
Positioning Clients Cardiac Catheterization
Positioning Clients keep site extended
Common Signs and Symptoms Asthma
Common Signs and Symptoms wheezing on expiration
Positioning Clients Intestinal tubes
Positioning Clients place patient on right side to facilitate passage into the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine immediately beyond the stomach, leading to the jejunum.)
Common Signs and Symptoms Cholera
Common Signs and Symptoms rice-watery stool and washer woman's hands (wrinkled hands from dehydration)
Common Signs and Symptoms Pernicious Anemia
Common Signs and Symptoms red beefy tongue
Positioning Clients Cleft-lip
Positioning Clients position on back or in infant seat to prevent trauma to the suture line while feeding, hold in upright position
Common Signs and Symptoms Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB)
Common Signs and Symptoms low-grade afternoon fever
Common Signs and Symptoms Down Syndrome
Common Signs and Symptoms protruding tongue
Positioning Clients Buck's Traction
Positioning Clients elevate foot of the bed for counter-traction
Positioning Clients Detached retina
Positioning Clients area of detachment should be in the dependent position
Positioning Clients Rectal exam
Positioning Clients knee-chest position, Sim's, or dorsal recumbant (client lies on their back with their knees bent up in an outward position while their feet are planted flat on the ground, a bed, table or resting platform)
Positioning Clients Post supratentorial surgery w/incision at nape of neck Supratentorial craniotomy means the exposure of any part of a cerebral hemisphere over the basal line joining the nasion to the inion.
Positioning Clients position patient flat and lateral on either side
Positioning Clients Post Thyroidectomy
Positioning Clients low or semi-low Fowlers, support head, neck, and shoulders
Positioning Clients Postural drainage
Positioning Clients Lung segment to be drained should be in the uppermost position to allow gravity to work
Positioning Clients Above knee amputation
Positioning Clients elevate for first 24 hours on pillow, position on pron daily for hip extension
Positioning Clients Head Injury
Positioning Clients elevate head of bed 30 degrees to decrease intracranial pressure
Positioning Clients After myringotomy (surgical incision into the eardrum, to relieve pressure or drain fluid.)
Positioning Clients position on the side of the affected ear after surgery (allows drainage of secretion)
Positioning Clients Post-lumbar puncture
Positioning Clients patient should lie flat in supine to prevent headache and leaking of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
Positioning Clients Prolapsed cord
Positioning Clients knee-chest position or Trendelenburg
Positioning Clients Hemorrhoidectomy
Positioning Clients assist to lateral position
Common Signs and Symptoms Pneumonia
Common Signs and Symptoms rust colored sputum
Positioning Clients Laminectomy Surgery that creates space by removing the lamina — the back part of a vertebra that covers your spinal canal. Also known as decompression surgery, laminectomy enlarges your spinal canal to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves.
Positioning Clients back as straight as possible log roll to move and sand bag on sides
Positioning Clients Liver Biopsy
Positioning Clients right side lying with pillow or small towel under puncture site to maintain pressure for at least 3 hours
Positioning Clients Nasogastric Tube (NG tube)
Positioning Clients elevate head of bed 30 degrees to prevent aspiration Maintain elevation for continuous feeding or 1 hour after intermittent feedings
Positioning Clients Increased ICP
Positioning Clients high Fowler's
Positioning Clients Spinal cord injury
Positioning Clients immobilize on spine board, with head in neutral position Immobilize head with padded C-collar, maintain traction and alignment of head manually. Log roll client and do not allow client to twist or bend
Section 5
(10 cards)