Section 1
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Menisci
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (66)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Menisci
Shock absorbing fibrocartilage pad near joint
Diaphysis
Main body between the epiphyses
The human skeleton is composed of ____ bones at birth
270
this total decreases to ____ bones by adulthood after some bones have fused together.
206
Supports weight
Lower limbs, pelvis, backbone
OBLIQUE FRACTURE
Extracellular matrix
Made of collagen and inorganic salts (calcium phosphate)
Spongy bone
Branching bony plates (trabeculae)
_______________ is the main inorganic salt in your bones
Calcium phosphate//Hormones activate osteoclast and osteoblast to remove or add calcium phosphate to bones Bones also contain Magnesium Sodium Potassium Carbonate ions
Types of joints (tissue)
Fibrous - Most immovable, some slightly movable Cartilaginous-Slightly movable Synovial-Freely movable
Flat bones
Protect internal organs, large areas for muscle attachment
Shape of body
Head, face, thorax, and limbs
The Shoulder girdle contains:
2 clavicles 2 scapula
Reduce bone weight
Houses red marrow
Processes
Bony projections where ligament and tendons attach
Articular cartilage
Layer of hyaline cartilage on epiphysis
Synovial
Most joints are synovial Freely movable More complex Ends of bones covered in articular cartilage Joint capsule holds synovial joints in place Joint capsule has an outer layer of ligaments and an inner synovial membrane that produces synovial fluid
Endosteum
Lining of the medullary cavity
Osteoblast
bone builder
MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
Provide attachment for muscles Protect and provide support softer tissues Produce blood cells in the marrow Store inorganic salts (Calcium and Phosphorus) Form passageways for blood vessels and nerves
Irregular bones
Complex shape that protects internal organs
TRANSVERSE FRACTURE
ENDOCHONDRAL BONES
Most bone of the skeleton is endochondral bone Start as Hyaline cartilage Ossification begins with Osteoblast in the diaphysis Ossification continues at the epiphyseal plates lengthening the bone Osteoclast breakdown Bone in a process called bone remodeling Then Osteoblast come back and rebuild
The bone mass in the skeleton reaches maximum density around age ___
30
Lacunae
Bone cell chamber
SYNOVIAL JOINT EXAMPLE (KNEE)
Menisci Bursae
Hematopoiesis is
the formation of blood cells; Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
Fibrous joint
A thin layer of connective tissue connects bones Examples Sutures of the skull Distal end of the tibia and fibula
Osteoclast
Bone-destroying cells
cartilaginous joints
Bones connected with hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage Slightly movable Examples Between vertebrae (intervertebral discs) Pubis symphysis Between ribs and sternum
Protects organs
Ribs, skull, pelvic girdle
Yellow marrow is
mostly fat and replaces Red marrow as we get older, but can change back if needed
Epiphysis
End of bone
Short bones
Provide stability and some movement
Central canal (Haversian canals)
Contains main blood vessels and nerves
Osteocytes
Bone cells
GREENSTICK FRACTURE
Medullary cavity
Inner tube that houses the yellow marrow
Bone of the upper arm
humerus
Hemoglobin is
a red iron contain protein found in red blood cells
Long Bones
Support weight and facilitate movement
Types of joints (movement)
Immovable (Synarthroses) Slightly movable (Amphiarthroses) Freely movable (Diarthroses)
SPIRAL FRACTURE
FACTORS AFFECTING BONE DEVELOPMENT, GROWTH, AND REPAIR
Nutrition Calcium , Vitamin D Hormones Growth hormones, Sex hormones (testosterone and estrogen) Physical Exercise Stimulates bone to thicken and strengthen
Compact bone
Packed tissue with no spaces
Bones of the upper limb include:
Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges
Red marrow is the site of
hematopoiesis
Periosteum
Tough vascular outer covering (dense connective tissue)
Bursae
Fluid filled sacs near joint
BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINT
Widest range of motion Examples Shoulder Hips
Section 2
(16 cards)